@article { , title = {Reliability of spatial-temporal metrics used to assess collective behaviours in football: an in-silico experiment.}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of spatial-temporal measurements applied within collective behaviour research in football. In-silico experiments were conducted introducing positional errors (0.5, 2 and 4 m) representative of commercial tracking systems to match data from the 2020 European Championship qualifiers. Ratios of the natural variance ("signal") of spatial-temporal metrics obtained throughout sections of each game relative to the variance created by positional errors ("noise") were taken to calculate reliability. The effects of error magnitude and time of analysis (1, 5 and 15 mins; length of attack: <10, 10-20, >20 s) were assessed and compared using Cohen's f2 effect size. Error magnitude was found to exert greater influence on reliability (f2 = 0.15 to 0.81) compared with both standard time of analysis (f2 = 0.03 to 0.08) and length of attacks (f2 = 0.15 to 0.32). the results demonstrate that technologies generating positional errors of 0.5 m or less should be expected to produce spatial-temporal metrics with high reliability. However, technologies that generate errors of 2 m or greater may produce unreliable values, particularly when analyses are conducted over discrete events such as attacks, which although critical, are often short in duration.}, doi = {10.1080/24733938.2022.2100460}, eissn = {2473-4446}, issn = {2473-3938}, issue = {3}, journal = {Science and medicine in football}, note = {INFO COMPLETE (Now published, checked and updated 30/11/2023 LM; Still Latest Articles 17/1/2023 LM; Now Gold OA Latest Articles 25/7/2022 LM; Gold OA request rec'd and approved 08.07.2022 GB -- Info of acceptance from contact 4/7/2022 LM) PERMISSION GRANTED (version = VOR; embargo = none; licence = BY-NC-ND; SHERPA = https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/33323 5/7/2022 LM) DOCUMENT READY (Final VOR uploaded 30/11/2023 LM; Latest Article downloaded 25/7/2022 LM; AAM rec'd from contact, to be replaced with VOR once available 5/7/2022 LM) ADDITIONAL INFO - Contact: Paul Swinton; Martin Corsie}, pages = {297-305}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis (Routledge)}, url = {https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/1705898}, volume = {7}, keyword = {Health & Wellbeing, Soccer, Simulation, Position tracking, Dynamic system theory}, year = {2023}, author = {Corsie, Martin and Swinton, Paul Alan} }