@article { , title = {AI-based intrusion detection systems for in-vehicle networks: a survey.}, abstract = {The Controller Area Network (CAN) is the most widely used in-vehicle communication protocol, which still lacks the implementation of suitable security mechanisms such as message authentication and encryption. This makes the CAN bus vulnerable to numerous cyber attacks. Various Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) have been developed to detect these attacks. However, the high generalization capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) make AI-based IDS an excellent countermeasure against automotive cyber attacks. This article surveys AI-based in-vehicle IDS from 2016 to 2022 (August) with a novel taxonomy. It reviews the detection techniques, attack types, features, and benchmark datasets. Furthermore, the article discusses the security of AI models, necessary steps to develop AI-based IDSs in the CAN bus, identifies the limitations of existing proposals, and gives recommendations for future research directions.}, doi = {10.1145/3570954}, eissn = {1557-7341}, issn = {0360-0300}, issue = {11}, journal = {ACM computing surveys}, note = {INFO COMPLETE (Info via ingest 10th Feb 2023 13/2/2023 LM) PERMISSION GRANTED (version = AAM; embargo = none; licence = Pub's own; SHERPA = https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/10694 13/2/2023 LM) DOCUMENT READY (AAM rec'd 13/2/2023 LM; AAM requested from contact 13/2/2023 LM) ADDITIONAL INFO - Contact: SAMPATH RAJAPAKSHA; Harsha Kalutarage; Andrei Petrovski Set Statement (© 2023 Association for Computing Machinery. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive Version of Record was published in ACM Computing Surveys, https://doi.org/10.1145/3570954.)}, pages = {1-40}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}, url = {https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/1880289}, volume = {55}, keyword = {In-vehicle network, Machine learning, Automotive cybersecurity, Intrusion detection system (IDS), Controller area network (CAN)}, year = {2023}, author = {Rajapaksha, Sampath and Kalutarage, Harsha and Al-Kadri, M. Omar and Petrovski, Andrei and Madzudzo, Garikayi and Cheah, Madeline} }