@article { , title = {A statistical framework to interpret individual response to intervention: paving the way for personalised nutrition and exercise prescription.}, abstract = {The concept of personalised nutrition and exercise prescription represents a topical and exciting progression for the discipline given the large inter-individual variability that exists in response to virtually all performance and health related interventions. Appropriate interpretation of intervention-based data from an individual or group of individuals requires practitioners and researchers to consider a range of concepts including the confounding influence of measurement error and biological variability. In addition, the means to quantify likely statistical and practical improvements are facilitated by concepts such as confidence intervals (CIs) and smallest worthwhile change (SWC). The purpose of this review is to provide accessible and applicable recommendations for practitioners and researchers that interpret, and report personalised data. To achieve this, the review is structured in three sections that progressively develop a statistical framework. Section 1 explores fundamental concepts related to measurement error and describes how typical error and CIs can be used to express uncertainty in baseline measurements. Section 2 builds upon these concepts and demonstrates how CIs can be combined with the concept of SWC to assess whether meaningful improvements occur post-intervention. Finally, Section 3 introduces the concept of biological variability and discusses the subsequent challenges in identifying individual response and non-response to an intervention. Worked numerical examples and interactive supplementary material are incorporated to solidify concepts and assist with implementation in practice.}, doi = {10.3389/fnut.2018.00041}, eissn = {2296-861X}, journal = {Frontiers in nutrition}, note = {COMPLETED -- VOR now available on website 28/5/2018 LM -- On website 'Provisionally accepted', DOI not working 15/5/2018 LM -- Look out for VOR appearing on website (approx 2 weeks) 1/5/2018 LM -- Info via contact 1/5/2018 LM ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Swinton, Paul ; Hemingway, Benedict S. -- Panel A}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2946}, volume = {5}, keyword = {Health & Wellbeing, Measurement error, Biological variability, Individual response, Typical error, Meaningful change, Responders, Sports supplements, Ergogenic aids}, year = {2018}, author = {Swinton, Paul A. and Hemingway, Ben Stephens and Saunders, Bryan and Gualano, Bruno and Dolan, Eimear} }