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Outputs (61)

Polymer-drug conjugates as nano-sized multi-targeting systems for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (2024)
Journal Article
MAHADIK, N., BARRON, G.A., KONG THOO LIN, P. and THOMPSON, C.J. [2024]. Polymer-drug conjugates as nano-sized multi-targeting systems for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. RSC pharmaceutics [online], Advance Articles. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/D3PM00075C

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative condition. There are clear markers for the presence and progression of the disease, including β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and Tau tangles, with many potential causes debated in the scientific co... Read More about Polymer-drug conjugates as nano-sized multi-targeting systems for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease..

Pharmacological inhibition of acetylcholinesterase improves the locomotion defective phenotype of a SCA3 C. elegans model. (2024)
Journal Article
POHL, F., LINDSAY-MCGEE, V., KONG THOO LIN, P., MACIEL, P. and TEIXEIRA-CASTRO, A. 2024. Pharmacological inhibition of acetylcholinesterase improves the locomotion defective phenotype of a SCA3 C. elegans model. microPublication biology [online], 2024(2), 001086. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17912/micropub.biology.001086

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a common used treatment option for Alzheimer's disease. However, there has been limited research on the potential use of AChE inhibitors for the treatment of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)/Spinocerebellar At... Read More about Pharmacological inhibition of acetylcholinesterase improves the locomotion defective phenotype of a SCA3 C. elegans model..

UNC-49 is a redox-sensitive GABAA receptor that regulates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response cell nonautonomously. (2023)
Journal Article
POHL, F., GERMANN, A.L., MAO, J., HOU, S., BAKARE, B., KONG THOO LIN, P., YATES, K., NONET, M.L., AKK, G., KORNFELD, K. and HELD, J.M. 2023. UNC-49 is a redox-sensitive GABAA receptor that regulates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response cell nonautonomously. Science advances [online], 9(44). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh2584

The γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated (GABAergic) system participates in many aspects of organismal physiology and disease, including proteostasis, neuronal dysfunction and life-span extension. Many of these phenotypes are also regulated by reactive oxyge... Read More about UNC-49 is a redox-sensitive GABAA receptor that regulates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response cell nonautonomously..

Valorisation of whisky distillery waste as a sustainable source of antioxidant and antibacterial properties with neuroprotective potential. (2023)
Journal Article
BLAIKIE, L., WELGAMAGE DON, A., FRANZEN, X., FERNANDEZ, C., FAISAL, N. and KONG THOO LIN, P. [2023]. Valorisation of whisky distillery waste as a sustainable source of antioxidant and antibacterial properties with neuroprotective potential. Waste and biomass valorization [online], Online First. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02292-4

Waste by-products such as pot ale are abundantly produced during the whisky distillation process and are conventionally used as livestock feed, however a significant proportion continues to require land and sea disposal. Here, the novel potential of... Read More about Valorisation of whisky distillery waste as a sustainable source of antioxidant and antibacterial properties with neuroprotective potential..

Experimental modelling of Alzheimer’s disease for therapeutic screening. (2022)
Journal Article
BLAIKIE, L., KAY, G., MACIEL, P. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2022. Experimental modelling of Alzheimer’s disease for therapeutic screening. European journal of medicinal chemistry reports [online], 5, article 100044. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmcr.2022.100044

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), pose a significant and urgent challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. With an increasing life expectancy, these progressive age-related disorders are expected to rise exponentially. N... Read More about Experimental modelling of Alzheimer’s disease for therapeutic screening..

DNA profiling of single sperm cells after whole genome amplification. (2021)
Journal Article
THEUNISSEN, G.M.G., GIBB, A., KONG THOO LIN, P., ROLF, B., FORAT, S. and JÄGER, R. 2021. DNA profiling of single sperm cells after whole genome amplification. Forensic science international: reports [online], 4, article 100240. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100240

Intimate swabs taken for examination in sexual assault cases typically yield mixtures of sperm and epithelial cell types. While powerful, differential extraction protocols to overcome such cell type mixtures by separate lysis of epithelial cells and... Read More about DNA profiling of single sperm cells after whole genome amplification..

Novel nanoparticle drug delivery systems: application in the in vitro study of Bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives against human colorectal cancer cell lines. (2021)
Thesis
BRUNET, M. 2021. Novel nanoparticle drug delivery systems: application in the in vitro study of Bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives against human colorectal cancer cell lines. Robert Gordon University, MRes thesis. Hosted on OpenAIR [online]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.48526/rgu-wt-1446968

Colorectal cancer is one of the most severe causes of mortality worldwide accounting for 10% of total cancer cases. Although recent advances in early diagnosis have reduced the mortality rate associated with CRC, patients suffering from the later met... Read More about Novel nanoparticle drug delivery systems: application in the in vitro study of Bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives against human colorectal cancer cell lines..

Impact of rapeseed pomace extract on markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in human SH‐SY5Y cells. (2020)
Journal Article
POHL, F., GOUA, M., YATES, K., BERMANO, G., RUSSELL, W.R., MACIEL, P. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2021. Impact of rapeseed pomace extract on markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in human SH‐SY5Y cells. Journal of food biochemistry [online], 45(2), article e13592. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13592

With increased longevity and subsequent rise in people with age-related neurodegenerative diseases, protection of neurons from oxidative stress damage has become an important field of study. For the first time, we highlight the neuroprotective proper... Read More about Impact of rapeseed pomace extract on markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in human SH‐SY5Y cells..

Electroanalytical determination of gallic acid in red and white wine samples using cobalt oxide nanoparticles-modified carbon-paste electrodes. (2020)
Journal Article
CHIKERE, C.O., HOBBEN, E., FAISAL, N.H., KONG THOO LIN, P. and FERNANDEZ, C. 2021. Electroanalytical determination of gallic acid in red and white wine samples using cobalt oxide nanoparticles-modified carbon-paste electrodes. Microchemical journal [online], 160(part B), article ID 105668. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105668

Beverages like wines, have exhibited a high level of antioxidant capacity, specifically from compounds like Gallic acid (GA) and their derivatives. GA has shown great importance in the food industry and pharmaceutical industry as a food additive, ant... Read More about Electroanalytical determination of gallic acid in red and white wine samples using cobalt oxide nanoparticles-modified carbon-paste electrodes..

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of vanillin derivatives as multi-target therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. (2020)
Journal Article
BLAIKIE, L., KAY, G. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2020. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of vanillin derivatives as multi-target therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorganic and medical chemistry letters [online], 30(21), article ID 127505. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127505

A number of novel naphthalimido and phthalimido vanillin derivatives were synthesised, and evaluated as antioxidants and cholinesterase inhibitors in vitro. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays. All compounds demonstrat... Read More about Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of vanillin derivatives as multi-target therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease..

Electrochemical determination of gallic acid in food matrices using novel materials. (2020)
Thesis
CHIKERE, C.O. 2020. Electrochemical determination of gallic acid in food matrices using novel materials. Robert Gordon University [online], PhD thesis. Available from: https://openair.rgu.ac.uk

Gallic acid (GA), as an endogenous polyphenol, has shown many different important properties that have influenced its use in the food and pharmaceutical industry. These properties include its antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-HIV and anti-ul... Read More about Electrochemical determination of gallic acid in food matrices using novel materials..

DNA profiling of single sperm cells and single skin flakes in forensics using micromanipulation and whole genome amplification. (2020)
Thesis
THEUNISSEN, G.M.G. 2020. DNA profiling of single sperm cells and single skin flakes in forensics using micromanipulation and whole genome amplification. Robert Gordon University [online], PhD thesis. Available from: https://openair.rgu.ac.uk

In forensic DNA profiling, the occurrence of complex mixed profiles is currently a common issue. Cases involving intimate swabs or skin flake tape liftings are prone to mixed profiles, because of more than one donor contributing to a DNA sample. By D... Read More about DNA profiling of single sperm cells and single skin flakes in forensics using micromanipulation and whole genome amplification..

Interaction between amorphous zirconia nanoparticles and graphite: electrochemical applications for gallic acid sensing using carbon paste electrodes in wine. (2020)
Journal Article
CHIKERE, C.O., FAISAL, N.H., KONG THOO LIN, P. and FERNANDEZ, C. 2020. Interaction between amorphous zirconia nanoparticles and graphite: electrochemical applications for gallic acid sensing using carbon paste electrodes in wine. Nanomaterials [online], 10(3), article ID 537. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10030537

Amorphous zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2) have been used for the first time, to modify carbon paste electrode (CPE) and used as a sensor for the electrochemical determination of gallic acid (GA). The voltammetric results of the ZrO2 nanoparticle... Read More about Interaction between amorphous zirconia nanoparticles and graphite: electrochemical applications for gallic acid sensing using carbon paste electrodes in wine..

GST-4-dependent suppression of neurodegeneration in C. elegans models of Parkinson’s and Machado-Joseph Disease by rapeseed pomace extract supplementation. (2019)
Journal Article
POHL, F., TEIXEIRA-CASTRO, A., COSTA, M.D., LINDSAY, V., FIÚZA-FERNANDES, J., GOUA, M., BERMANO, G., RUSSELL, W., MACIEL, P. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2019. GST-4-dependent suppression of neurodegeneration in C. elegans models of Parkinson’s and Machado-Joseph Disease by rapeseed pomace extract supplementation. Frontiers in neuroscience [online], 13, article ID 1091. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01091

Genetic mutations and aging-associated oxidative damage underlie the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Machado-Joseph disease (MJD). Natural products derived from plants have been regarded as impor... Read More about GST-4-dependent suppression of neurodegeneration in C. elegans models of Parkinson’s and Machado-Joseph Disease by rapeseed pomace extract supplementation..

Current and emerging therapeutic targets of alzheimer's disease for the design of multi-target directed ligands. (2019)
Journal Article
BLAIKIE, L., KAY, G. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2019. Current and emerging therapeutic targets of alzheimer's disease for the design of multi-target directed ligands. MedChemComm [online], 10(12), pages 2052-2072. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/c9md00337a

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and a major cause of death worldwide. The number of people suffering from this debilitating disorder is rising at an unprecedented rate, with a subsequent surge in healthcare c... Read More about Current and emerging therapeutic targets of alzheimer's disease for the design of multi-target directed ligands..

Zinc oxide nanoparticles modified-carbon paste electrode used for the electrochemical determination of Gallic acid. (2019)
Journal Article
CHIKERE, C., FAISAL, N.H., KONG THOO LIN, P. and FERNANDEZ, C. 2019. Zinc oxide nanoparticles modified-carbon paste electrode used for the electrochemical determination of Gallic acid. Journal of physics: conference series [online], 1310: proceedings of 2018 Applied nanotechnology and nanoscience international conference (ANNIC 2018), 22-24 October 2018, Berlin, Germany, article ID 012008. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1310/1/012008

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) was used to modify carbon paste electrode (CPE) for a fast and sensitive electrochemical determination of gallic acid (GA). The study was carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential voltammetry (DPV)... Read More about Zinc oxide nanoparticles modified-carbon paste electrode used for the electrochemical determination of Gallic acid..

Synthesis of novel vanillin derivatives: study of their antioxidant and potential neuroprotective properties. (2019)
Thesis
SCIPIONI, M. 2019. Synthesis of novel vanillin derivatives: study of their antioxidant and potential neuroprotective properties. Robert Gordon University [online], PhD thesis. Available from: https://openair.rgu.ac.uk

Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is a naturally-occurring phenolic compound, forming the main component of the bean and pod of vanilla orchids. It is widely used as a flavouring agent in food and drinks, and as a preservative in the cosmeti... Read More about Synthesis of novel vanillin derivatives: study of their antioxidant and potential neuroprotective properties..

The synergistic effect between graphene oxide nanocolloids and silicon dioxide nanoparticles for gallic acid sensing. (2019)
Journal Article
CHIKERE, C.O., FAISAL, N.H., KONG THOO LIN, P. and FERNANDEZ, C. 2019. The synergistic effect between graphene oxide nanocolloids and silicon dioxide nanoparticles for gallic acid sensing. Journal of solid state electrochemistry [online], 23(6), pages 1795-1809. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04267-9

For the first time, the synergistic effect of graphene oxide nanocolloids (nano-GO) and silicon dioxide (silica) nanoparticles (SiO2-nanoparicles) has been used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the determination of gallic acid (GA). The... Read More about The synergistic effect between graphene oxide nanocolloids and silicon dioxide nanoparticles for gallic acid sensing..

Synthesis of novel vanillin derivatives: novel multi-targeted scaffold ligands against Alzheimer's disease. (2019)
Journal Article
SCIPIONI, M., KAY, G., MEGSON, I.L. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2019. Synthesis of novel vanillin derivatives: novel multi-targeted scaffold ligands against Alzheimer’s disease. MedChemComm [online], 10(5), pages 764-777. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/c9md00048h

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, normally affecting people aged over 65. Due to the multifactorial nature of this disease, a “multi-target-directed ligands” (MTDLs) approach for the treatment of this illness ha... Read More about Synthesis of novel vanillin derivatives: novel multi-targeted scaffold ligands against Alzheimer's disease..

The potential application of rapeseed pomace extracts in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. (2019)
Thesis
POHL, F. 2019. The potential application of rapeseed pomace extracts in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Robert Gordon University [online], PhD thesis. Available from: https://openair.rgu.ac.uk

Rapeseed pomace (RSP) is the waste/by-product obtained after edible oil production from Brassica napus and is currently used as animal feed. In an attempt to revalorize this by-product as a potential nutraceutical for the treatment or prevention of n... Read More about The potential application of rapeseed pomace extracts in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases..

The potential use of plant natural products and plant extracts with antioxidant properties for the prevention/treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. (2018)
Journal Article
POHL, F. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2018. The potential use of plant natural products and plant extracts with antioxidant properties for the prevention/treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. Molecules [online], 23(12), article ID 3283. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123283

Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, present a major health issue and financial burden for health care systems around the world. The impact of these diseases will further increase o... Read More about The potential use of plant natural products and plant extracts with antioxidant properties for the prevention/treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials..

Sustainable treatment of oil contaminated waste: oil-based mud (OBM) drill cuttings and soil. (2018)
Thesis
NWINEE, S.A. 2018. Sustainable treatment of oil contaminated waste: oil-based mud (OBM) drill cuttings and soil. Robert Gordon University, PhD thesis.

Environmental pollution from oilfield drilling waste poses potential hazards which can lead to ecological imbalance. The predominant pollutant from oilfield waste is petroleum hydrocarbons. Some effects of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in soil... Read More about Sustainable treatment of oil contaminated waste: oil-based mud (OBM) drill cuttings and soil..

Determination of sinapine in rapeseed pomace extract: its antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties. (2018)
Journal Article
YATES, K., POHL, F., BUSCH, M., MOZER, A., WATTERS, L., SHIRYAEV, A. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2019. Determination of sinapine in rapeseed pomace extract: its antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties. Food chemistry [online], 276, pages 768-775. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.045

Sinapine is the main secondary metabolite present in rapeseed pomace (RSP) with its concentration being dependent on rapeseed processing, growing conditions, extraction parameters and the country of origin. Here we report, the concentration of sinapi... Read More about Determination of sinapine in rapeseed pomace extract: its antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties..

A novel PAA derivative with enhanced drug efficacy in pancreatic cancer cell lines. (2018)
Journal Article
ALSURAIFI, A., KONG THOO LIN, P., CURTIS, A., LAMPROU, D.A. and HOSKINS, C. 2018. A novel PAA derivative with enhanced drug efficacy in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Pharmaceuticals [online], 11(4), article ID 91. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph11040091

Nanoparticles have been shown to be effective drug carriers in cancer therapy. Pancreatic cancer forms dense tumours which are often resistant to drug molecules. In order to overcome such multidrug resistance, new drug entities, novel delivery system... Read More about A novel PAA derivative with enhanced drug efficacy in pancreatic cancer cell lines..

Caspase-independence and characterization of bisnaphthalimidopropyl spermidine induced cytotoxicity in HL60 cells. (2018)
Journal Article
BESTWICK, C., MILNE, L., DANCE, A.-M., COCHENNEC, G., CRUICKSHANK, G., ALLAIN, E., CONSTABLE, L., DUTHIE, S.J. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2018. Caspase-independence and characterization of bisnaphthalimidopropyl spermidine induced cytotoxicity in HL60 cells. Toxicology in vitro [online], 52, pages 342-350. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.023

Bisnaphthalimides are DNA intercalators of potential use as chemotherapeutics but for which the range of mechanism of action is only gradually being elucidated. Using human promyelocytic HL-60 cells, we extend characterization of the cytotoxicity of... Read More about Caspase-independence and characterization of bisnaphthalimidopropyl spermidine induced cytotoxicity in HL60 cells..

Targeting histone deacetylase (HDACs) enzymes with novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives (BNIPs) as alternative breast cancer therapies. (2018)
Thesis
KOPSIDA, M. 2018. Targeting histone deacetylase (HDACs) enzymes with novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives (BNIPs) as alternative breast cancer therapies. Robert Gordon University, PhD thesis.

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women, with incidence rates approaching 1.38 million cases per year worldwide. Over the last few decades, there have been numerous attempts to develop, synthesise and advance into the clinic nove... Read More about Targeting histone deacetylase (HDACs) enzymes with novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives (BNIPs) as alternative breast cancer therapies..

Inhibitors of trypanosoma cruzi Sir2 related protein 1 as potential drugs against Chagas disease. (2018)
Journal Article
GASPAR, L., CORON, R.P., KONG THOO LIN, P., COSTA, D.M., PERES-CABEZAS, B., TAVARES, J., ROURA-FERRER, M., RAMOS, I., RONIN, C., MAJOR, L.L., CIESIELSKI, F., PEMBERTON, I.K., MACDOUGALL, J., CIAPETTI, P., SMITH, T.K. and CORDEIRO-DA-SILVA, A. 2018. Inhibitors of trypanosoma cruzi Sir2 related protein 1 as potential drugs against Chagas disease. PLoS neglected tropical diseases [online], 12(1), article number e0006180. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006180

Chagas disease remains one of the most neglected diseases in the world despite being the most important parasitic disease in Latin America. The characteristic chronic manifestation of chagasic cardiomyopathy is the region's leading cause of heart-rel... Read More about Inhibitors of trypanosoma cruzi Sir2 related protein 1 as potential drugs against Chagas disease..

Novel vanillin derivatives: synthesis, anti-oxidant, DNA and cellular protection properties. (2017)
Journal Article
SCIPIONI, M., KAY, G., MEGSON, I. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2017. Novel vanillin derivatives: synthesis, anti-oxidant, DNA and cellular protection properties. European journal of medicinal chemistry [online], 143, pages 745-754. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.072

Antioxidants have been the subject of intense research interest mainly due to their beneficial properties associated with human health and wellbeing. Phenolic molecules, such as naturally occurring Resveratrol and Vanillin, are well known for their a... Read More about Novel vanillin derivatives: synthesis, anti-oxidant, DNA and cellular protection properties..

Thermally triggered theranostics for pancreatic cancer therapy. (2017)
Journal Article
MALEKIGORJI, M., ALFAHAD, M., KONG THOO LIN, P., JONES, S., CURTIS, A. and HOSKINS, C. 2017. Thermally triggered theranostics for pancreatic cancer therapy. Nanoscale [online], 9(34), pages 12735-12745. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr02751f

Hybrid iron oxide-gold nanoparticles (HNPs) are capable of drug binding onto their surface with a triggered release at elevated temperatures. The iron oxide core allows for diagnostic imaging whilst heating of the gold shell upon laser irradiation re... Read More about Thermally triggered theranostics for pancreatic cancer therapy..

Revalorisation of rapeseed pomace extracts: an in vitro study into its anti-oxidant and DNA protective properties. (2017)
Journal Article
POHL, F., GOUA, M., BERMANO, G., RUSSELL, W.R., SCOBBIE, L., MACIEL, P. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2018. Revalorisation of rapeseed pomace extracts: an in vitro study into its anti-oxidant and DNA protective properties. Food chemistry [online], 239, pages 323-332. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.129

Rapeseed pomace (RSP) is a waste product obtained after edible oil production from Brassica napus. Analysis of ubiquitous secondary metabolites in RSP samples (two breeds, harvested in 2012/2014 respectively from North East of Scotland) and their eth... Read More about Revalorisation of rapeseed pomace extracts: an in vitro study into its anti-oxidant and DNA protective properties..

Dual-laboratory validation of a method for the determination of fructans in infant formula and adult nutritionals. (2017)
Journal Article
BRUNT, K., SANDERS, P., SPICHTIG, V., ERNSTE-NOTA, V., SAWICKA, P., IWANOFF, K., VAN SOEST, J., KONG THOO LIN, P. and SEAN, A. 2017. Dual-laboratory validation of a method for the determination of fructans in infant formula and adult nutritionals. Journal of AOAC international [online], 100(3), pages 753-767. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0007

Until recently, only two AOAC Official MethodsSM have been available for the analysis of fructans: Method 997.08 and Method 999.03. Both are based on the analysis of the fructan component monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) after hydrolysis. The t... Read More about Dual-laboratory validation of a method for the determination of fructans in infant formula and adult nutritionals..

Novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIPs) derivatives as anticancer compounds targeting DNA in human breast cancer cells. (2016)
Journal Article
KOPSIDA, M., BARRON, G.A. BERMANO, G., KONG THOO LIN, P. and GOUA, M. 2016. Novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIPs) derivatives as anticancer compounds targeting DNA in human breast cancer cells. Organic and biomolecular chemistry [online], 14(41), pages 9780-9789. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6OB01850E

Bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivatives are a family of compounds that exert anti-cancer activities in vitro and, according to previous studies, variations in the linker sequence have increased their DNA binding and cytotoxic activities. By modifyi... Read More about Novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIPs) derivatives as anticancer compounds targeting DNA in human breast cancer cells..

Thermally triggered theranostics for pancreatic cancer. (2016)
Presentation / Conference
MALEKIGORJI, M., KONG THOO LIN, P., LEES, M., GUEORGUIEVA, M., CURTIS, A., & HOSKINS, C. 2016. Thermally triggered theranostics for pancreatic cancer. Presented at 24th biennial European Association for Cancer Research congress 2016 (EACR24), 9-12 July 2016, Manchester, UK.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the 4th most aggressive cancer in the western world with less than 34% of patients surviving past 5 years. Lack of specific symptoms results in delayed diagnosis. Theranostics are new platforms, which offer simultaneo... Read More about Thermally triggered theranostics for pancreatic cancer..

Activity of bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives against trypanosoma brucei. (2016)
Journal Article
GRACA, N.A.G., GASPAR, L, COSTA, D.M., LOUREIRO, I., KONG THOO LIN, P., RAMOS, I., ROURA, M., PRUVOST, A., PEMBERTON, I.K., LOUKIL, H., MACDOUGALL, J., TAVARES, J. and CORDEIRO-DA-SILVA, A. 2016. Activity of bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives against trypanosoma brucei. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy [online], 60(4), pages 2532-2536. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02490-15

Current treatments for African trypanosomiasis are either toxic, costly, difficult to administer, or prone to elicit resistance. This study evaluated the activity of bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivatives against Trypanosoma brucei. BNIPDiaminobut... Read More about Activity of bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives against trypanosoma brucei..

Study into the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of rapeseed pomace extracts. (2016)
Presentation / Conference
POHL, F., GOUA, M., BERMANO, G., RUSSELL, W.R., MACIEL, P. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2016. Study into the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of rapeseed pomace extracts. Presented at 2016 Nutrition Society's Scottish section meeting: phytochemicals and health: new perspectives on plant based nutrition, 21-22 March 2016, Edinburgh, UK.

Rapeseed pomace (RSP) is a waste product obtained after edible oil production from Brassica napus. This study aimed to determine the polyphenol content, radical scavenging activity, ferric iron reducing antioxidant power and the oxygen-radical absorb... Read More about Study into the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of rapeseed pomace extracts..

Exploiting the antiparasitic activity of naphthalimides derivatives. (2016)
Journal Article
CRISTO, G., GASPAR, L., NORO, J., BAPTISTA, C., KONG THOO LIN, P., ALVES, M.J. and CORDEIRO-DA-SILVA, A. 2016. Exploiting the antiparasitic activity of naphthalimides derivatives. International journal of chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences [online], 4(1), pages 19-23. Available from: http://www.pharmaresearchlibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/IJCPS2793.pdf

A set of 1,8-naphtalimides derivatives were synthesized and tested against three protozoans that cause important human diseases: Leishmania infantum, Trypanosomabrucei and Trypanosoma cruzi. Additionally, toxicity was determined by growth inhibition... Read More about Exploiting the antiparasitic activity of naphthalimides derivatives..

Development and validation of HPLC method with fluorometric detection for quantification of bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaminooctane in animal tissues following administration in polymeric nanoparticles. (2015)
Journal Article
SEGUNDO, M.A., ABREU, V.L.R.G., OSORIO, M.V., NOGUEIRA, S., KONG THOO LIN, P., CORDEIRO-DA-SILVA, A. and LIMA, S.A.C. 2016. Development and validation of HPLC method with fluorometric detection for quantification of bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaminooctane in animal tissues following administration in polymeric nanoparticles. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis [online], 120, pages 290-296. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.033

A simple, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaminooctane (BNIPDaoct), a potent anti-Leishmania compound, incorporated into poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) n... Read More about Development and validation of HPLC method with fluorometric detection for quantification of bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaminooctane in animal tissues following administration in polymeric nanoparticles..

Bisnaphthalimidopropyl diaminodicyclohexylmethane induces DNA damage and repair instability in triple negative breast cancer cells via p21 expression. (2015)
Journal Article
BARRON, G.A., GOUA, M., KURAOKA, I., BERMANO, G., IWAI, S. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2015. Bisnaphthalimidopropyl diaminodicyclohexylmethane induces DNA damage and repair instability in triple negative breast cancer cells via p21 expression. Chemico-biological interactions [online], 242, pages 307-315. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.017

Bisnaphthalimidopropyl diaminodicyclohexylmethane (BNIPDaCHM) bisintercalates to DNA and is a potential anti-cancer therapeutic. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying the potential of BNIPDaCHM; earlier work was extended to investiga... Read More about Bisnaphthalimidopropyl diaminodicyclohexylmethane induces DNA damage and repair instability in triple negative breast cancer cells via p21 expression..

Evaluation of new naphthalimides as potential anticancer agents against breast cancer MCF-7, pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 and colon cancer HCT-15 cell lines. (2015)
Journal Article
NORO, J., MACIEL, J., DUARTE, D., OLIVAL, A.C.D., BAPTISTA, C., SILVA, A.C.D., ALVES, M.J. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2015. Evaluation of new naphthalimides as potential anticancer agents against breast cancer MCF-7, pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 and colon cancer HCT-15 cell lines. Organic chemistry: current research [online], 4(3), ID 1000144. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0401.1000144

New 1,8-naphthalimido derivatives with 2,3 and 4 carbon chains bearing a number of different functionalities were synthesized and tested against a panel of breast cancer MCF-7, colon cancer HCT-15 and pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cell lines. Generally st... Read More about Evaluation of new naphthalimides as potential anticancer agents against breast cancer MCF-7, pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 and colon cancer HCT-15 cell lines..

Study of a novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl polyamine as electroactive material for perchlorate-selective potentiometric sensors. (2015)
Journal Article
GIL, R., AMORIM, C.G., CROMBIE, L., KONG THOO LIN, P., ARUJO, A. and da CONCEICAO MONTENEGRO, M. 2015. Study of a novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl polyamine as electroactive material for perchlorate-selective potentiometric sensors. Electroanalysis [online], 27(12), pages 2809-2819. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201500275

In this work, the new polyamine bisnaphthalimidopropyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is proposed as a new ionophore for perchlorate potentiometric sensors. The optimal formulation for the membrane comprised of 12mmolkg-1 of the ionophore, and 68% (w/w)... Read More about Study of a novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl polyamine as electroactive material for perchlorate-selective potentiometric sensors..

Anti-pancreatic cancer potential of secalonic acid derivatives from endophytic fungi isolated from Ocimum basilicum. (2013)
Journal Article
SHOEB, M., HOQUE, M.E., KONG THOO LIN, P. and NAHAR, N. 2013. Anti-pancreatic cancer potential of secalonic acid derivatives from endophytic fungi isolated from Ocimum basilicum. Dhaka University journal of pharmaceutical sciences [online], 12(2), pages 91-95. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i2.17624

The word endophyte means "in the plant" and refers to all microorganisms that live in the intercellular spaces of stems, petioles, roots and leaves of plants causing no apparent symptoms of disease. Seven endophytic fungi were isolated from the medic... Read More about Anti-pancreatic cancer potential of secalonic acid derivatives from endophytic fungi isolated from Ocimum basilicum..

Poly(allylamine) magnetomicelles for image guided drug delivery. (2013)
Journal Article
BARNETT, C. M., LEES, M. R., CURTIS, A. D. M., KONG THOO LIN, P., CHENG, W. P. and HOSKINS, C. 2013. Poly(allylamine) magnetomicelles for image guided drug delivery. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology [online], 1(3), pages 224-238. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2174/22117385113019990002

Polymeric micelles have received considerable interest for their use as drug delivery vehicles for hydrophobic drug solubilisation. Inorganic metallic nanoparticles have already been exploited clinically in diagnostics for their contrast ability, usi... Read More about Poly(allylamine) magnetomicelles for image guided drug delivery..

Anti-colon cancer activity of endophytic fungal strains from Terminalia chebula Rezt (2012)
Journal Article
SHOEB, M., KONG THOO LIN, P. and NAHAR, N. 2012. Anti-colon cancer activity of endophytic fungal strains from Terminalia chebula rezt. Bangladesh journal of pharmacology [online], 12(1), pages 47-49. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v7i1.10507

Endophytic microorganisms are fungi or bacteria that live inside the healthy tissues of the host plants causing no apparent symptoms of diseases. Five endophytic fungal strains labeled as IR-1, IR-2, IR-4, IR-6 and IR-7 (identified as Penicillium thi... Read More about Anti-colon cancer activity of endophytic fungal strains from Terminalia chebula Rezt.

The use of nano polymeric self-assemblies based on novel amphiphilic polymers for oral hydrophobic drug delivery. (2011)
Journal Article
CLARE, H., KONG THOO LIN, P., TETLEY, L. and CHENG, W.P. 2012. The use of nano polymeric self-assemblies based on novel amphiphilic polymers for oral hydrophobic drug delivery. Pharmaceutical research [online], 29(3), pages 782-794. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-011-0602-7

Purpose: To investigate the use of nano self-assemblies formed by polyallylamine (PAA) modified with 5 or 10% mole fluorenylmethoxy carbonyl (Fmoc5/10), dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl (Dansyl5/10) and 5% mole cholesteryl group (Ch5) for oral hyd... Read More about The use of nano polymeric self-assemblies based on novel amphiphilic polymers for oral hydrophobic drug delivery..

Nano self-assemblies based on cholate grafted poly-L-lysine enhanced the solubility of sterol-like drugs. (2011)
Journal Article
GU, J., CHENG, W.P., HOSKINS, C., KONG THOO LIN, P., ZHAO, L, ZHU, L., QU, X. and YANG, Z. 2011. Nano self-assemblies based on cholate grafted poly-L-lysine enhanced the solubility of sterol-like drugs. Journal of microencapsulation [online], 28(8): micro and nano carriers, pages 752-762. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3109/02652048.2011.615951

The physicochemical compatibility between amphiphilic polymers and hydrophobic drugs has been recognized as an important issue for improving the drug solubilisation in polymeric micelle formulations. In this work, poly-L-lysine (PLL) grafted by chola... Read More about Nano self-assemblies based on cholate grafted poly-L-lysine enhanced the solubility of sterol-like drugs..

In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity assays of seeds from Balanites aegyptiaca: compounds of the extract show growth inhibition and activity against Plasmodial aminopeptidase. (2011)
Journal Article
KUSCH, P., DEININGER, S., SPECHT, S., MANIAKO, R., HAUBRICH, S., POMMERENING, T., KONG THOO LIN, P., HOERAUF, A. and KAISER, A. 2011. In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity assays of seeds from Balanites aegyptiaca: compounds of the extract show growth inhibition and activity against Plasmodial aminopeptidase. Journal of parasitology research [online], 2011, article ID 368692. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/368692

Balanites aegyptiaca (Balanitaceae) is a widely grown desert plant with multiuse potential. In the present paper, a crude extract from B. aegyptiaca seeds equivalent to a ratio of 1:2000 seeds to the extract was screened for antiplasmodial activity.... Read More about In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity assays of seeds from Balanites aegyptiaca: compounds of the extract show growth inhibition and activity against Plasmodial aminopeptidase..

In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of a novel nano-sized formulation based on self-assembling polymers against pancreatic cancer. (2010)
Journal Article
HOSKINS, C., OUAISSI, M., LIMA, S.C., CHENG, W.P., LOUREIRIO, I., MAS, E., LOMBARDO, D., CORDEIRO-DA-SILVA, A., OUAISSI, A. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2010. In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of a novel nano-sized formulation based on self-assembling polymers against pancreatic cancer. Pharmaceutical research [online], 27(12), pages 2694-2703. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-010-0268-6

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo pancreatic anticancer activity of a nano-sized formulation based on novel polyallylamine grafted with 5% mole cholesteryl pendant groups (CH5-PAA). Methods: Insoluble novel anticancer drug, Bisnaphthalimi... Read More about In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of a novel nano-sized formulation based on self-assembling polymers against pancreatic cancer..

Novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl polyamine derivatives: their mode of action in a breast cancer cell system. (2010)
Thesis
BARRON, G. 2010. Novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl polyamine derivatives: their mode of action in a breast cancer cell system. Robert Gordon University, PhD thesis.

The synthesis and characterisation of novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl polyamine (BNIPP) derivatives has gained pace over the last couple of years, as they have enhanced aqueous solubility without loss of biological activity in contrast to parent bisnaph... Read More about Novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl polyamine derivatives: their mode of action in a breast cancer cell system..

The characterisation and identification of body fluid proteins for forensic purposes. (2010)
Thesis
VINCINI, L. 2010. The characterisation and identification of body fluid proteins for forensic purposes. Robert Gordon University, PhD thesis.

Advances in DNA technology have led to the extremely sensitive and rapid analysis methods used in forensic science. It can often be crucial to a criminal case to unequivocally identify the body fluid source of DNA. This is of particular importance in... Read More about The characterisation and identification of body fluid proteins for forensic purposes..

The use of novel poly(allylamine) based amphiphilic polymers for drug delivery. (2010)
Thesis
HOSKINS, C. 2010. The use of novel poly(allylamine) based amphiphilic polymers for drug delivery. Robert Gordon University, PhD thesis.

Fourteen novel comb shaped amphiphilic polymers were successfully synthesised to determine the effect of polymer architecture on the potential of these amphiphilic polymers for hydrophobic drug delivery. Polyallylamine (PAA) was grafted with four dif... Read More about The use of novel poly(allylamine) based amphiphilic polymers for drug delivery..

The effect of CLAs on the expression of PKC isoforms and cell viability in breast cancer cell lines. (2008)
Thesis
CRABB-WYKE, R. 2008. The effect of CLAs on the expression of PKC isoforms and cell viability in breast cancer cell lines. Robert Gordon University, MPhil thesis.

Breast tumours make up 15% of the total cancer burden in the UK and around 8% of the total number of cancer related deaths. Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms have been shown to be strongly modulated in many androgen sensitive tumour cell lines. Increas... Read More about The effect of CLAs on the expression of PKC isoforms and cell viability in breast cancer cell lines..

Bioactivity of the extracts and isolation of lignans and a sesquiterpene from the aerial parts of Centaurea pamphylica (Asteraceae). (2007)
Journal Article
SHOEB, M., MACMANUS, S.M., KONG THOO LIN, P., CELIK, S., JASPARS, M., NAHR, L. and SARKER, S.D. 2007. Bioactivity of the extracts and isolation of lignans and a sesquiterpene from the aerial parts of Centaurea pamphylica (Asteraceae). DARU journal of pharmaceutical sciences [online], 15(3), pages 118-122. Available from: http://daru.tums.ac.ir/index.php/daru/article/view/315/315

Centaurea pamphylica Boiss. & Heldr. (Family: Asteraceae), commonly known as 'pamphylia daisy', is a Turkish endemic species of the genus Centaurea that comprises ca. 500 species, many of which have been used as traditional medicines. The n-hexane, d... Read More about Bioactivity of the extracts and isolation of lignans and a sesquiterpene from the aerial parts of Centaurea pamphylica (Asteraceae)..

Bioactivity of two Turkish endemic centaurea species, and their major constituents. (2007)
Journal Article
SHOEB, M., MACMANUS, S.M., JASPARS, M., KONG THOO LIN, P., NAHAR, L., CELIK, S. and SARKER, S.D. 2007. Bioactivity of two Turkish endemic centaurea species, and their major constituents. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia/Brazilian journal of pharmacognosy [online], 17(2), pages 155-159. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2007000200003

The antioxidant activity, general toxicity and cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts of Centaurea urvillei subs, armata and C. mucronifera have been assessed, respectively, by the DPPH assay, the brine shrimp lethality and the MTT cytotoxicity assays... Read More about Bioactivity of two Turkish endemic centaurea species, and their major constituents..

Two oxazane macrocycles. (2004)
Journal Article
COX, P.J. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2004. Two oxazane macrocycles. Acta crystallographica section C: structural chemistry [online], 60(5), pages o321-o324. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270104006687

The 20-membered ring in 1,7,11,17-tetraoxa-2,6,12,16-tetraazacycloeicosane tetrahydrochloride, C12H32N4O44+·4Cl-, adopts an endo conformation, while the 18-membered ring in 1,6,10,15-tetraoxa-2,5,11,14-tetraazacyclooctadecane tetrahydrochloride, C10H... Read More about Two oxazane macrocycles..

Morphological changes in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in response to Bis-Naphthalimidopropylspermidine-treatment. (2002)
Journal Article
PAVLOV, V., RODILLA, V. and KONG THOO LIN, P. 2002. Morphological changes in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in response to Bis-Naphthalimidopropylspermidine-treatment. Biotechnology and biotechnological equipment [online], 16(1), pages 118-123. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2002.10819165

The effects of bis-naphthalimidopropylspermidine (BNIPSpd), a representative of a novel class of polyamine derivatives with antiproliferative properties on the morphology of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were studied. BNIPSpd was shown to cause cyt... Read More about Morphological changes in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in response to Bis-Naphthalimidopropylspermidine-treatment..

Rerefinement of (μ-1,7,11,17-tetraoxa-2,6,12,16-tetraazacycloeicosane-κ4N1,N17:N7,N11)bis[dichlorozinc(II)]. [Dataset] (2002)
Dataset
KUKSA, V.A., WARDELL, S.M.S.V. , KONG THOO LIN, P. and HOWIE, R.A. 2002. Rerefinement of ([mu]-1,7,11,17-tetraoxa-2,6,12,16-tetra­aza­cyclo­ei­cosane-[kappa]4N1,N17:N7,N11)­bis­[di­chlorozinc(II)]. [Dataset]. Acta crystallographica section E: crystallographic communications [online], 58(2), pages m68-m69. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536802001654

This rerefinement of the title compound, [Zn2Cl4(C12H28­N4O4)], based on the original intensity data, differs from the original only in the exchange of the NH and O moieties of the oxa­aza-macrocycle, resulting in a dramatic improvement in the R fact... Read More about Rerefinement of (μ-1,7,11,17-tetraoxa-2,6,12,16-tetraazacycloeicosane-κ4N1,N17:N7,N11)bis[dichlorozinc(II)]. [Dataset].

6-(3,5-Di-O-acetyl-β-D-2-deoxyribofuranosyl)-3,4-dihydro-8H-pyrimido[4,5-c][1,2]oxazin-7(6H)-one. [Dataset] (1995)
Dataset
VAN MEERVELT, L., KONG THOO LIN, P. and BROWN, D.M. 1995. 6-(3,5-Di-O-acetyl-β-D-2-deoxyribofuranosyl)-3,4-dihydro-8H-pyrimido[4,5-c][1,2]oxazin-7(6H)-one. [Dataset] Acta crystallographica section C: crystal structure communications [online], 51(7), pages 1347-1350. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1107/s0108270195000096

The title compound, C15H19N3O7 (P), crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit which differ in sugar and oxazino ring puckering; both occur as the imino tautomer and form P;P wobble base pairs. The supporting information for the published... Read More about 6-(3,5-Di-O-acetyl-β-D-2-deoxyribofuranosyl)-3,4-dihydro-8H-pyrimido[4,5-c][1,2]oxazin-7(6H)-one. [Dataset].

Direct observation of two base-pairing modes of a cytosine-thymine analogue with guanine in a DNA z-form duplex: significance for base analogue mutagenesis. [Dataset] (1995)
Dataset
MOORE, M.H., VAN MEERVELT, L., SALISBURY, S.A., KONG THOO LIN, P. and BROWN, D.M. 1995. Direct observation of two base-pairing modes of a cytosine-thymine analogue with guanine in a DNA z-form duplex: significance for base analogue mutagenesis. [Dataset]. Hosted on Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) [online], 223D. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb223d/pdb

The pyrimidine nucleobase analogue 6H,8H-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-c]-[1,2]oxazin-7-one (P) is a mimic both of cytosine and thymine, since it can form stable hydrogen-bonded base-pairs with either guanine or adenine. To investigate the geometric proper... Read More about Direct observation of two base-pairing modes of a cytosine-thymine analogue with guanine in a DNA z-form duplex: significance for base analogue mutagenesis. [Dataset].

Synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing degenerate bases and their use as primers in the polymerase chain reaction. (1992)
Journal Article
KONG THOO LIN, P. and BROWN, D.M. 1992. Synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing degenerate bases and their use as primers in the polymerase chain reaction. Nucleic acids research [online], 20(19), pages 5149-5152. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.19.5149

Heptadecaoligodeoxyribonudeotides containing one or more of the bases, 6H,8H-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-c] [1,2]oxazin-7-one (P), 2-amino-6-methoxyaminopurine (K), and hypoxanthine (I) and combinations of P with K and I have been synthesised on a DNA sy... Read More about Synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing degenerate bases and their use as primers in the polymerase chain reaction..

Synthesis and duplex stability of oligonucleotides containing cytosine-thymine analogues. (1989)
Journal Article
KONG THOO LIN, P. and BROWN, D.M. 1989. Synthesis and duplex stability of oligonucleotides containing cytosine-thymine analogues. Nucleic acids research [online], 17(24), pages 10373-10383. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.24.10373

The synthesis of the deoxynucleoside derived from the base P, 6H, 8H-3, 4-dihydro-pyrimido[4, 5-c][1, 2] oxazin-7-one, 2, and its introduction by established phosphoramidite and H-phosphonate chemistry into oligonucleotides is described. The melting... Read More about Synthesis and duplex stability of oligonucleotides containing cytosine-thymine analogues..