Biopsychosocial effects of competition preparation in natural bodybuilders.

Chappell, Andrew J.; Simper, Trevor N.; Trexler, Eric T.; Helms, Eric R.

Abstract

Bodybuilders are judged on the subjective visual assessment of their muscular size, proportion, and leanness. This case series tracked four drug-free bodybuilders (3 male) during the off-season, pre-competition and recovery phases. This study aimed to comprehensively profile key biopsychosocial changes occurring pre/post competition in a group of British natural bodybuilders. We measured: resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition (via BIA, ultrasound and sum of 7 skinfolds), lipid profiles, fasted glucose, blood pressure, power output (Wingate), grip strength, and carried out psychometric questionnaires (EAT-26, STAI, BUT) over an eight-month period. Mean weight loss from 5 months (5M) to pre-contest (PRE) was 8.6 +/- 4.1 kg, followed by an increase of 7.9 +/- 1.6 kg two months post contest (POST). The mean RMR of the cohort was stable from 1899 +/- 630 kcal (5M) to 1897 +/- 598 kcal (PRE), before decreasing to 1797 +/- 242 kcal (POST). Mean peak power declined from 770 +/- 113.0 w (5M), to 700.0 +/- 134.4 w (PRE), before increasing to 816.0 +/- 116.2 w (POST). Competition dieting had no effect on EAT-26 or BUT scores, suggesting no body dysmorphic or eating disorder concerns, although trait anxiety was elevated in three out of the four participants throughout the observation. Many of the biopsychosocial changes that occur to bodybuilders as they prepare for competition return to baseline measurements 2 months post competition.

Citation

CHAPPELL, A.J., SIMPER, T.N., TREXLER, E.T. and HELMS, E.R. 2021. Biopsychosocial effects of competition preparation in natural bodybuilders. Journal of human kinetics [online], 79(1), pages 259-276. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0082

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jul 1, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Jul 28, 2021
• Publication Date: Jul 31, 2021
• Deposit Date: Aug 17, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Aug 17, 2021
• Journal: Journal of human kinetics
• Electronic ISSN: 1899-7562
• Publisher: De Gruyter
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 79
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 259-276
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0082
• Keywords: Physique; Body-dysmorphia; Drug-free; Reverse-diet; Bigorexia
• Public URL: https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/1411251