Dr Bruce Petrie b.r.petrie@rgu.ac.uk
Associate Professor
There is currently a lack of enantiospecific studies on chiral drugs in estuarine environments. In this study, the occurrence and fate of 20 prescription and illicit drugs, metabolites and associated contaminants were investigated in the Clyde Estuary, Scotland, over a 6 month period. More than half of the drugs were detected in at least 50% of water samples collected (n = 30), with considerable enantiomer enrichment observed for some of the compounds. Enantiomeric fraction (EF) values of the chiral drugs investigated in this study ranged from <0.03 for amphetamine to 0.70 for bisoprolol. Microcosm studies revealed enantioselective degradation of fluoxetine and citalopram for the first-time in estuarine waters (over 14 days at 8.0 °C in water of 27.8 practical salinity units). Interestingly, fish collected from the inner estuary (Platichthys flesus – European flounder) contained drug enantiomers in muscle and liver tissues. This included propranolol, fluoxetine, citalopram, and venlafaxine. Considerable enantiospecific differences were observed between the two fish tissues, and between fish tissues and water samples. For example, citalopram EF values in muscle and liver were 0.29 ± 0.03 and 0.18 ± 0.01, respectively. In water samples EF values were in the range 0.36–0.49. This suggests enantioselective metabolism of citalopram by P. flesus. The enantioselectivity of drugs observed within the Clyde Estuary highlights the need for enantiospecific effect-driven studies on marine organisms to better understand their impact in estuarine environments, contributing to the likely cumulative impacts of the range of contaminants to which marine coastal wildlife is exposed.
PETRIE, B. and MOFFAT, C.F. 2022. Occurrence and fate of chiral and achiral drugs in estuarine water: a case study of the Clyde estuary, Scotland. Environmental science process and impacts [online], 24(4), pages 547-556. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EM00500F
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Feb 14, 2022 |
Online Publication Date | Feb 25, 2022 |
Publication Date | Apr 1, 2022 |
Deposit Date | Mar 7, 2022 |
Publicly Available Date | Feb 26, 2023 |
Journal | Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts |
Print ISSN | 2050-7887 |
Electronic ISSN | 2050-7895 |
Publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 24 |
Issue | 4 |
Pages | 547-556 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EM00500F |
Keywords | Marine; Pharmaceutical; Fish; Bioaccumulation factor; Emerging contaminant; River |
Public URL | https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/1610746 |
Related Public URLs | https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/1615470 |
PETRIE 2022 Occurrence and fate of chiral
(835 Kb)
PDF
Publisher Licence URL
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Copyright Statement
© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2022.
About OpenAIR@RGU
Administrator e-mail: publications@rgu.ac.uk
This application uses the following open-source libraries:
Apache License Version 2.0 (http://www.apache.org/licenses/)
Apache License Version 2.0 (http://www.apache.org/licenses/)
SIL OFL 1.1 (http://scripts.sil.org/OFL)
MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html)
CC BY 3.0 ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
Powered by Worktribe © 2025
Advanced Search