Parametric analysis of wax printing technique for fabricating microfluidic paper-based analytic devices (µPAD) for milk adulteration analysis

Younas, Muhammad; Maryam, Ammara; Khan, Mushtaq; Nawaz, Ahmad Ahsan; Jaffery, Syed Husian Imran; Anwar, Muhammad Nabeel; Ali, Liaqat

Abstract

Accurate prediction of hydrophobic–hydrophilic channel barriers is essential in the fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices. This research presents a detailed parametric analysis of wax printing technique for fabricating µPADs. Utilizing commonly used Grade 1 filter paper, experimental results show that the wax spreading in the paper porous structure depends on the initially deposited wax line thickness, a threshold melting temperature and melting time. Initial width of the printed line has a linear relationship with the final width of the barrier; however, a less pronounced effect of temperature was observed. Based on the spreading behavior of the molten wax at different parameters, a generalized regression model has been developed and validated experimentally. The developed model accurately predicts wax spreading in Whatman filter paper: a non-uniform distribution of pores and fibers. Finally, tests were carried out for calorimetric detection of commonly used adulterants present in milk samples.

Citation

YOUNAS, M., MARYAM, A., KHAN, M., NAWAZ, A.A., JAFFERY, S.H.I., ANWAR, M.N. and ALI, L. 2019. Parametric analysis of wax printing technique for fabricating microfluidic paper-based analytic devices (µPAD) for milk adulteration analysis. Microfluidics and nanofluidics [online], 23(3), article number 38. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-019-2208-z

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Feb 9, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Feb 18, 2019
• Publication Date: Mar 31, 2019
• Deposit Date: Jun 18, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Jul 3, 2023
• Journal: Microfluidics and nanofluidics
• Print ISSN: 1613-4982
• Electronic ISSN: 1613-4990
• Publisher: Springer
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 23
• Issue: 3
• Article Number: 38
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-019-2208-z
• Keywords: Paper based; Microfluidics; Fabrication; Was printing; Analytical devices; Milk adulterants
• Public URL: https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/1992820
• Additional Information: This article has been published with separate supporting information. This supporting information has been incorporated into a single file on this repository and can be found at the end of the file associated with this output.