Muhammad Saleem
Enhancing the catalytic activity of eggshell-derived CaO catalyst and its application in biodiesel production from waste chicken fat.
Saleem, Muhammad; Jamil, Farrukh; Qamar, Obaid Ali; Akhter, Parveen; Hussain, Murid; Khurram, Muhammad Shahzad; Al-Muhtaseb, Ala’a H.; Inayat, Abrar; Shah, Noor Samad
Authors
Farrukh Jamil
Obaid Ali Qamar
Parveen Akhter
Murid Hussain
Muhammad Shahzad Khurram
Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb
Abrar Inayat
Noor Samad Shah
Abstract
The comparatively greater cost of producing biodiesel in comparison to petroleum diesel is one of the key drawbacks. Eggshells and leftover chicken fat are examples of poultry wastes that can be used to produce biodiesel at a low cost as catalysts and oil, respectively. In this study, eggshell-derived CaO and its doping with sodium methoxide catalyst for enhancing catalytic activity was synthesized for the transesterification of waste chicken fat and characterized by FT-IR and XRD analyses. XRD studies confirmed the crystalline structure of the developed catalyst and doping of sodium with eggshell-derived CaO. The transesterification reaction was performed at different reaction parameters such as the catalyst loading, the methanol to oil ratio, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time. The biodiesel produced at the maximum yield was evaluated by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. A maximum yield of 96% biodiesel was obtained with catalyst loading of 2 wt% of oil, as well as a methanol to oil ratio of 13:1 at 60 °C in 1 h. The output demonstrates that eggshell waste is a potentially accessible source of biomass-derived nano catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel using chicken fat as a feedstock.
Citation
SALEEM, M., JAMIL, F., QAMAR, O.A., AKHTER, P., HUSSAIN, M., KHURRAM, M.S., AL-MUHTASEB, A.H., INAYAT, A. and SHAH, N.S. 2022. Enhancing the catalytic activity of eggshell-derived CaO catalyst and its application in biodiesel production from waste chicken fat. Catalysts [online], 12(12), article number 1627. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121627
| Journal Article Type | Article |
|---|---|
| Acceptance Date | Dec 9, 2022 |
| Online Publication Date | Dec 12, 2022 |
| Publication Date | Dec 31, 2022 |
| Deposit Date | Aug 28, 2023 |
| Publicly Available Date | Oct 2, 2023 |
| Journal | Catalysts |
| Electronic ISSN | 2073-4344 |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 12 |
| Article Number | 1627 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121627 |
| Keywords | Eggshells; Catalysts; Biofuel renewable; Sustainable |
| Public URL | https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/2009925 |
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Copyright Statement
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).