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Investigation of thermochemical properties and pyrolysis of barley waste as a source for renewable energy.

Reza, Md Sumon; Taweekun, Juntakan; Afroze, Shammya; Siddique, Shohel Ahmed; Islam, Md Shahinoor; Wang, Chongqing; Azad, Abul K.

Authors

Md Sumon Reza

Juntakan Taweekun

Shammya Afroze

Shohel Ahmed Siddique

Md Shahinoor Islam

Chongqing Wang

Abul K. Azad



Abstract

Energy consumption is rising dramatically at the price of depleting fossil fuel supplies and rising greenhouse gas emissions. To resolve this crisis, barley waste, which is hazardous for the environment and landfill, was studied through thermochemical characterization and pyrolysis to use it as a feedstock as a source of renewable energy. According to proximate analysis, the concentrations of ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and moisture were 5.43%, 73.41%, 18.15%, and 3.01%, consecutively. The ultimate analysis revealed that the composition included an acceptable H/C, O/C, and (N+O)/C atomic ratio, with the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen amounts being 46.04%, 6.84%, 3.895%, and 0.91%, respectively. The higher and lower heating values of 20.06 MJ/kg and 18.44 MJ/kg correspondingly demonstrate the appropriateness and promise for the generation of biofuel effectively. The results of the morphological study of biomass are promising for renewable energy sources. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the main link between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen was discovered, which is also important for bioenergy production. The maximum degradation rate was found by thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry to be 4.27% per minute for pyrolysis conditions at a temperature of 366 °C and 5.41% per minute for combustion conditions at a temperature of 298 °C. The maximum yields of biochar (38.57%), bio-oil (36.79%), and syngas (40.14%) in the pyrolysis procedure were obtained at 400, 500, and 600 °C, respectively. With the basic characterization and pyrolysis yields of the raw materials, it can be concluded that barley waste can be a valuable source of renewable energy. Further analysis of the pyrolyzed products is recommended to apply in the specific energy fields.

Citation

REZA, M.S. TAWEEKUN, J., AFROZE, S., SIDDIQUE, S.A., ISLAM, M.S., WANG, C. and AZAD, A.K. 2023. Investigation of thermochemical properties and pyrolysis of barley waste as a source for renewable energy. Sustainability [online], 15(2), article number 1643. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021643

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jan 12, 2023
Online Publication Date Jan 14, 2023
Publication Date Jan 31, 2023
Deposit Date May 13, 2025
Publicly Available Date May 13, 2025
Journal Sustainability (Switzerland)
Electronic ISSN 2071-1050
Publisher MDPI
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 15
Issue 2
Article Number 1643
DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021643
Keywords Barley waste; Ultimate/proximate analysis; HHV/NCV; TGA/DTG; Pyrolysis yield
Public URL https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/2836210

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Publisher Licence URL
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Copyright Statement
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).




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