Multi-residue enantioselective determination of emerging drug contaminants in seawater by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

McKenzie, Katie; Moffat, Colin F.; Petrie, Bruce

Abstract

This study proposes a new multi-residue enantioselective method for the determination of emerging drug contaminants in sea water by solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To achieve satisfactory enantiomeric separation with a vancomycin stationary phase it was essential to limit sodium chloride in extracted samples to [less than] 1 µg injection-1. This was achieved through a straightforward SPE method using a 50 mL water wash volume and analyte elution in acetonitrile. A Chiral-V enantioselective column (150 x 2.1mm; 2.7µm particle size) operated in polar ionic mode enabled simultaneous drug separations in 30 minutes. Analytes with enantioresolution E$ were the stimulants amphetamine and methamphetamine, the beta-agonist salbutamol, the beta-blockers propranolol, sotalol and acebutolol, the anti-depressants fluoxetine, venlafaxine, desmethylvenlafaxine and citalopram, and the antihistamine chlorpheniramine. Method quantitation limits were [less than] 10 ng L-1 and method trueness was 80-110% for most analytes. The method was applied to samples from the Forth and Clyde estuaries, Scotland. Chiral drugs were present at concentrations in the range 4-159 ng L-1 and several were in non-racemic form (enantiomeric fraction G 0.50) demonstrating enantiomer enrichment. This emphasises the need for further enantiospecific drug exposure and effect studies in the marine environment.

Citation

MCKENZIE, K., MOFFAT, C.F. and PETRIE, B. 2020. Multi-residue enantioselective determination of emerging drug contaminants in seawater by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical methods [online], 12(22), pages 2881-2892. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ay00801j

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 14, 2020
• Online Publication Date: May 15, 2020
• Publication Date: Jun 14, 2020
• Deposit Date: May 18, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: May 18, 2020
• Journal: Analytical methods
• Print ISSN: 1759-9660
• Electronic ISSN: 1759-9679
• Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 12
• Issue: 22
• Pages: 2881-2892
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ay00801j
• Keywords: Liquid chromatography; Tandem mass spectrometry; Chiral; Pharmaceutical; Drug
• Public URL: https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/914525