The state of the art in hydrogen storage.

Reynolds, Jemma; Ali, Dallia; Njuguna, James

Abstract

The global renewable energy mix is set to change even further with the increasing demand for hydrogen. The production levels are dramatically increasing, and it is becoming prevalent that the storage of hydrogen gas is much more complex than natural gas. There are many different hydrogen storage options being investigated, trialled, and used within the energy industry. On land storage of hydrogen use compressed pressure vessels for gas, cryogenic storage for liquid hydrogen and the blending of hydrogen into natural gas to be stored in current pipeline systems. Underground storage options are found in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, deep aquifers, and salt caverns. The storage of hydrogen gas presents numerous challenges and opportunities as discussed within this paper, such as design and manufacturing, hydrogen embrittlement and behaviour, structural integrity, standards and regulation, safety of high-pressure storage, subsea storage and circular economy prospects in structural design. Numerous types of vessel compositions have been explored for the most suitable materials combination in pressure vessel designs, with type IV being the most widely used. However, there are many aspects of the vessel design that have areas for improvement to store hydrogen at a higher efficiency. There are also many opportunities for further developments in hydrogen storage, such as subsea storage and circular economy incorporated designs.

Citation

REYNOLDS, J., ALI, D. and NJUGUNA, J. 2023. The state of the art in hydrogen storage. Green energy and environmental technology [online], (accepted).

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Sep 15, 2023
• Deposit Date: Sep 15, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 15, 2023
• Journal: Green energy and environmental technology
• Electronic ISSN: 2754-6314
• Publisher: InTechOpen
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Keywords: Hydrogen storage; Composite materials; Compressed gaseous hydrogen; Structural integrity
• Public URL: https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/2079419