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The state of the art in hydrogen storage.

Reynolds, Jemma; Ali, Dallia; Njuguna, James; Amadhe, Frances

Authors

Jemma Reynolds

Frances Amadhe



Abstract

The global renewable energy mix is set to change even further with the increasing demand for hydrogen. The production levels are dramatically increasing, and it is becoming prevalent that the storage of hydrogen gas is much more complex than natural gas. There are many different hydrogen storage options being investigated, trialled, and used within the energy industry. On land storage of hydrogen use compressed pressure vessels for gas, cryogenic storage for liquid hydrogen and the blending of hydrogen into natural gas to be stored in current pipeline systems. Underground storage options are found in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, deep aquifers, and salt caverns. The storage of hydrogen gas presents numerous challenges and opportunities as discussed within this paper, such as design and manufacturing, hydrogen embrittlement and behaviour, structural integrity, standards and regulation, safety of high-pressure storage, subsea storage and circular economy prospects in structural design. Numerous types of vessel compositions have been explored for the most suitable materials combination in pressure vessel designs, with type IV being the most widely used. However, there are many aspects of the vessel design that have areas for improvement to store hydrogen at a higher efficiency. There are also many opportunities for further developments in hydrogen storage, such as subsea storage and circular economy incorporated designs.

Citation

REYNOLDS, J., ALI, D., NJUGUNA, J. and AMADHE, F. 2024. The state of the art in hydrogen storage. Green energy and environmental technology [online], 3(1), pages 1-40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5772/geet.20240074

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Sep 25, 2024
Online Publication Date Sep 25, 2024
Publication Date Oct 31, 2024
Deposit Date Sep 15, 2023
Publicly Available Date Sep 25, 2024
Journal Green energy and environmental technology
Electronic ISSN 2754-6314
Publisher InTechOpen
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 3
Issue 1
Pages 1-40
DOI https://doi.org/10.5772/geet.20240074
Keywords Hydrogen storage; Composite materials; Compressed gaseous hydrogen; Structural integrity
Public URL https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/2079419

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