The use of ketogenic diets in children living with drug resistant epilepsy, glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency: a scoping review.

Cameron, Tracy; Allan, Karen; Cooper, Kay

Abstract

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, moderate protein and very low carbohydrate diet. It can be used as a medical treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. The aim of this scoping review was to map the KD literature, with a focus on epilepsy and associated metabolic conditions, to summarise the current evidence-base and identify any gaps. This review was conducted using JBI scoping review methodological guidance and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews reporting guidance. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in September 2021 and updated in February 2024 using MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, EmBASE, CAB Abstracts, Scopus and Food Science Source databases. The initial search yielded 2721 studies and, ultimately, data were extracted from 320 studies that fulfilled inclusion criteria for the review. There were five qualitative studies and the remainder were quantitative, including 23 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and seven quasi-experimental studies. The USA published the highest number of KD studies followed by China, South Korea and the UK. Most studies focused on the classical KD and DRE. The studies key findings suggest that the KD is efficacious, safe and tolerable. There are opportunities available to expand the scope of future KD research, particularly to conduct high-quality RCTs and further qualitative research focused on the child's needs and family support to improve the effectiveness of KDs.

Citation

CAMERON, T., ALLAN, K. and COOPER, K. 2024. The use of ketogenic diets in children living with drug resistant epilepsy, glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency: a scoping review. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics [online], 37(4), pages 827-846. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.13324

• Journal Article Type: Review
• Acceptance Date: May 10, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Jun 4, 2024
• Publication Date: Aug 31, 2024
• Deposit Date: Jun 5, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Jun 5, 2024
• Journal: Journal of human nutrition and dietetics
• Print ISSN: 0952-3871
• Electronic ISSN: 1365-277X
• Publisher: Wiley
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 37
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 827-846
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.13324
• Keywords: Ketogenic diets; Epilepsy; Glucose transporter 1 deficiency; Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency; Scoping reviews
• Public URL: https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/2367627
• Additional Information: This article has been published with separate supporting information. The supporting information has been incorporated into a single file on this repository and can be found at the end of the file associated with this output.