Competencies and skills to enable effective care of severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery across a multi-disciplinary healthcare perspective: a systematic review.

Stephen, Audrey; Bermano, Giovanna; Bruce, Duff; Kirkpatrick, Pamela

Abstract

Increasing numbers of illicit and unlicensed medicines are in general circulation and regularly seized by the police and other regulatory authorities. Forensic identification of seized tablets tends to focus on visual appearance and chromatographic identification of the contained drug. This process is relatively time consuming and places a strain on forensic laboratories. It was therefore of interest to investigate the possible application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as a fast and efficient tool to facilitate the identification of contained drug/s and associated tablet excipients. Sixteen different cases (Cases A to P) of diazepam tablets obtained from Police Scotland were characterised based on visual appearance (colour and manufacturers' logos), physical attributes (size, weight and hardness), drug type, drug quantity (HPLC) and thermal properties (DSC). Raw DSC data was further processed using principal component analysis (PCA) as an objective assessment of the thermograms obtained with a view to statistical grouping of different cases. Cases J/K, M/O and L/P could be paired on visual appearance and Cases B/C/E/G and J/K/L/P on tablet hardness (17-23 and 80-89 N respectively). HPLC indicated that 75% of the cases examined contained diazepam but less than half of these contained the recognised amount (10 mg); Cases B/E/L/P contained phenazepam and J/K contained etizolam. The thermal signatures of individual tablets provided by DSC produced qualitative information about both drugs and excipients, indicating lactose in Cases D/F/H/I/J/K/M/N/O and Emcompress' in B/E/L/P. In particular, DSC coupled with PCA provided confident groupings of A/C/G, B/E/L/P and H/I/J/K, and specific pairings of B/E, L/P and F/N.

Citation

STEPHEN, A., GIOVANNA, B., BRUCE, D. and KIRKPATRICK, P. 2014. Competencies and skills to enable effective care of severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery across a multi-disciplinary healthcare perspective: a systematic review. JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports [online], 12(9), pages 321-397. Available from: https://doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2014-1583

• Journal Article Type: Review
• Acceptance Date: Sep 1, 2014
• Online Publication Date: Sep 1, 2014
• Publication Date: Sep 30, 2014
• Deposit Date: Oct 16, 2015
• Publicly Available Date: Oct 16, 2015
• Journal: JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports
• Electronic ISSN: 2202-4433
• Publisher: Joanna Briggs Institute
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 12
• Issue: 9
• Pages: 321-397
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2014-1583
• Keywords: Obesity; Morbidity; Weight reduction; Bariatric surgery
• Public URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1313
• Contract Date: Oct 16, 2015