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A life cycle carbon assessment and multi-criteria decision-making framework for building renovation within the circular economy context: a case study.

Seddiki, Mohammed; Bennadji, Amar

Authors

Amar Bennadji



Abstract

Applying circular economy principles to the renovation of existing buildings is increasingly recognized as essential to achieving Europe's climate and energy goals. However, current decision-making frameworks rarely integrate life cycle carbon assessment with multi-criteria evaluation to support circular renovation strategies. This paper introduces an innovative framework that combines life cycle carbon assessment with multi-criteria decision analysis to identify and sequence circular renovation measures. The framework was applied to a residential case study in the Netherlands, using IES VE for operational carbon assessment and One Click LCA for embodied carbon assessment, with results evaluated using PROMETHEE multi-criteria analysis. Renovation measures were assessed based on operational and embodied carbon (including Module D), energy use intensity, cost, pay-back period, and disruption. The evaluation also introduced the embodied-to-operational carbon ratio (EOCR), a novel metric representing the proportion of embodied carbon, including Module D, relative to operational carbon savings over the building's lifecycle. The homeowner's preferences regarding these criteria were considered in determining the final ranking. The findings show that circular insulation options involving reused materials and designed for disassembly achieved the lowest embodied carbon emissions and lowest EOCR scores, with reused PIR achieving a 94% reduction compared to new PIR boards. The impact of including Module D on the ranking of renovation options varies based on the end-of-life scenario. The framework demonstrates how circular renovation benefits can be made more visible to decision-makers, promoting broader adoption.

Citation

SEDDIKI, M. and BENNADJI, A. 2025. A life cycle carbon assessment and multi-criteria decision-making framework for building renovation within the circular economy context: a case study. Buildings [online], 15(11), article number 1894. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15111894

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date May 21, 2025
Online Publication Date May 30, 2025
Publication Date Jun 15, 2025
Deposit Date May 30, 2025
Publicly Available Date Jun 2, 2025
Journal Buildings
Electronic ISSN 2075-5309
Publisher MDPI
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 15
Issue 11
Article Number 1894
DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15111894
Keywords Circular economy; Building renovation; Retrofitting; Life cycle carbon assessments; Whole life carbon assessments; Net zero; Multi-criteria decision-making
Public URL https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/2849457

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