Professor Radhakrishna Prabhu's Outputs (112)

Microplastics in agricultural soils following sewage sludge applications: evidence from a 25-year study. (2025)
Journal Article
RAMAGE, S.J.F.F., COULL, M., COOPER, P., CAMPBELL, C.D., PRABHU, R., YATES, K., DAWSON, L.A., DEVALLA, S. and PAGALING, E. 2025. Microplastics in agricultural soils following sewage sludge applications: evidence from a 25-year study. Chemosphere [online], 376, article number 144277. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144277

Sewage sludges applied to agricultural soils are sources of microplastic pollution, however, little is known about the accumulation, persistence, or degradation of these microplastics over time. This is the first study to provide long-term, high temp... Read More about Microplastics in agricultural soils following sewage sludge applications: evidence from a 25-year study..

Towards the underwater internet of things for subsea oil and gas monitoring. (2025)
Journal Article
STEWART, C., AYAZ, B., FOUGH, N. and PRABHU, R. 2025. Towards the underwater internet of things for subsea oil and gas monitoring. Internet of things [online], 30, article number 101510. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2025.101510

The oil and gas industry (O&G) is at the forefront of significant social change as the world aligns itself with the 2050 Net Zero agenda. The Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) will inevitably be part of this process across a broad range of applica... Read More about Towards the underwater internet of things for subsea oil and gas monitoring..

Assessment of surface water quality using chemometric tools: a case study of Jabi Lake, Abuja, Nigeria. (2025)
Journal Article
ADEJUWON, E.O., OGWUELEKA, T.C., OGUNGBEMI, E.O., PRABHU, R., RENDON-NAVA, A. and YATES, K. 2025. Assessment of surface water quality using chemometric tools: a case study of Jabi Lake, Abuja, Nigeria. Iranian journal of science and technology, transactions of civil engineering [online], 49(1), pages 829-852. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01712-2

Water pollution has become a growing threat to human society and natural ecosystems in recent decades. It increases the need to understand surface water quality assessment better using chemometric tools within aquatic systems. This study sampled the... Read More about Assessment of surface water quality using chemometric tools: a case study of Jabi Lake, Abuja, Nigeria..

Optimizing energy efficiency in underwater acoustic networks through machine learning classifiers. (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
STEWART, C., FOUGH, F., FOUGH, N. and PRABHU, R. 2024. Optimizing energy efficiency in underwater acoustic networks through machine learning classifiers. In Proceedings of the 31st IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) International conference on electronics, circuits, and systems (IEEE ICECS 2024), 18-20 November 2024, Nancy, France. Piscataway: IEEE [online], 10848718. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS61496.2024.10848718

Among many challenges in establishing an Underwater Wireless Sensor Network, is the challenge of resource constraints, battery and bandwidth being limited which renders acoustic networks limited in life and application. One identified application of... Read More about Optimizing energy efficiency in underwater acoustic networks through machine learning classifiers..

Enhancing underwater situational awareness: RealSense camera integration with deep learning for improved depth perception and distance measurement. (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
TOLIE, H.F., REN, J., HASAN, M.J. and KANNAN, S. 2024. Enhancing underwater situational awareness: RealSense camera integration with deep learning for improved depth perception and distance measurement. In Bouma, H., Prabhu, R., Yitzhaky, Y. and Kuijf, H.J. (eds.) Artificial intelligence for security and defence applications II: proceedings of the 2024 SPIE Security + defence, 16-20 September 2024, Edinburgh, UK. Proceedings of SPIE, 13206. Bellingham, WA; SPIE [online], paper 1320605. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3030972

This work presents a depth image refinement technique designed to enhance the usability of a commercial camera in underwater environments. Stereo vision-based depth cameras offer dense data that is well-suited for accurate environmental understanding... Read More about Enhancing underwater situational awareness: RealSense camera integration with deep learning for improved depth perception and distance measurement..

Ship detection and identification for maritime security and safety based on IMO numbers using deep learning. (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
KHAN, M.M.H., LIU, Z., PRABHU, R., ZHENG, H. and JAVIED, A. 2024. Ship detection and identification for maritime security and safety based on IMO numbers using deep learning. In Bouma, H., Prabhu, R., Yitzhahy, Y. and Kuijf, H.J. (eds.) Advanced materials, biomaterials, and manufacturing technologies for security and defence II: proceedings of the 2024 SPIE Security + defence, 16-20 September 2024, Edinburgh, UK. Proceedings of SPIE, 13206. Bellingham, WA: SPIE [online], paper 1320608. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3031425

In marine safety and security, the ability to rapidly, autonomously, and accurately detect and identify ships is the highest priority. This study presents a novel approach using deep learning to accurately identify ships based on their International... Read More about Ship detection and identification for maritime security and safety based on IMO numbers using deep learning..

Adaptive path-planning for AUVs in dynamic underwater environments using sonar data. (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
B, B., HASAN, M.J., KANNAN, S. and PRABHU, R. 2024. Adaptive path-planning for AUVs in dynamic underwater environments using sonar data. In Bouma, H., Prabhu, R., Yitzhahy, Y. and Kuijf, H.J. (eds.) Advanced materials, biomaterials, and manufacturing technologies for security and defence II: proceedings of the 2024 SPIE Security + defence, 16-20 September 2024, Edinburgh, UK. Proceedings of SPIE, 13206. Bellingham, WA: SPIE [online], paper 1320616. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3031644

This paper presents an innovative approach to path-planning for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) in complex underwater environments, leveraging single-beam sonar data. Recognizing the limitations of traditional sonar systems in providing detaile... Read More about Adaptive path-planning for AUVs in dynamic underwater environments using sonar data..

Optimization of illumination for security hologram authentication. (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
VIJITH, V.A., GEORGE, A., AMBADIYIL, S., JHA, A.K. and PRABHU, R. 2024. Optimization of illumination for security hologram authentication. In Bouma, H., Prabhu, R., Yitzhahy, Y. and Kuijf, H.J. (eds.) Advanced materials, biomaterials, and manufacturing technologies for security and defence II: proceedings of the 2024 SPIE Security + defence, 16-20 September 2024, Edinburgh, UK. Proceedings of SPIE, 13206. Bellingham, WA: SPIE [online], paper 1320618. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3034230

Security holograms, diffractive optical elements known for their intricate 3D visuals, are a cornerstone of brand protection. However, their effectiveness hinges on robust authentication methods. This work explores the critical role of illumination i... Read More about Optimization of illumination for security hologram authentication..

Machine learning based underwater optical-acoustic communications channel switching for throughput improvement. (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
STEWART, C., MUHAMMAD, A., FUNG, W.-K., FOUGH, N. and PRABHU, R. 2024. Machine learning based underwater optical-acoustic communications channel switching for throughput improvement. In Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) International workshop on Metrology for the sea; learning to measure sea health parameters (IEEE MetroSea 2024), 14-16 October 2024, Portorose, Slovenia. Piscataway: IEEE [online], pages 46-51. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroSea62823.2024.10765751

Underwater Wireless Optical Communication (UWOC) is at the cutting edge of subsea networking, offering high capacity, low-latency, energy-efficient connectivity that offers many advantages over the acoustic standard which has been embedded in submers... Read More about Machine learning based underwater optical-acoustic communications channel switching for throughput improvement..

Highly sensitive D-SPR sensors with optimized metallic thin films for bio-analyte detection. (2024)
Journal Article
EHIABHILI, J., PRABHU, R. and KANNAN, S. 2024. Highly sensitive D-SPR sensors with optimized metallic thin films for bio-analyte detection. Photonics [online], 11(8), article number 764. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11080764

There is a growing need for precise and rapid detection methods in fields such as biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and chemical analysis. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have been used for the detection and quantification of... Read More about Highly sensitive D-SPR sensors with optimized metallic thin films for bio-analyte detection..

Nexus between building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and cultural heritage: optical characterisation of screen-printed traditional symbols on solar cells. (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
AWUKU, S.A., BENNADJI, A., MUHAMMAD-SUKKI, F., PRABHU, R. and SELLAMI, N. 2024. Nexus between building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and cultural heritage: optical characterisation of screen-printed traditional symbols on solar cells. Engineering proceedings [online], 71(1): proceedings of the 4th Annual solar and wind power conference 2024 (ASWEC 2024): next generation of energy solution, 5 June 2024, [virtual conference], article number 9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024071009

This preliminary study adopts a screen-printing technique to transfer traditional Adinkra symbols onto monocrystalline solar cells. The study reveals that custom patterns for the top contact design of solar cells are achievable through direct screen-... Read More about Nexus between building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and cultural heritage: optical characterisation of screen-printed traditional symbols on solar cells..

Tracking and estimation of surgical tool relative-pose and angle based on the vision system for surgical robot. (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
MUTHUKRISHNAN, R., KANNAN, S., ZHAO, Y. and PRABHU, R. 2024. Tracking and estimation of surgical tool relative-pose and angle based on the vision system for sugical robot. Poster presented at the 3rd Medical device manufacturing centre annual conference 2024 (MDMC 2024), 23 May 2024, Glasgow, UK.

This research presents a Virtual Dynamic Tri crossbar and a Virtual Stable Graph (VDT VSG) which simplifies the task of tracing the needle angle and location in 2 D plane. In addition, Virtual Dynamic Line (helps to quantify the displacement between... Read More about Tracking and estimation of surgical tool relative-pose and angle based on the vision system for surgical robot..

Metal oxide modified tubular ceramic membrane for the separation of oil-in-water emulsion. (2024)
Thesis
AISUENI, F.A. 2024. Metal oxide modified tubular ceramic membrane for the separation of oil-in-water emulsion. Robert Gordon University, PhD thesis. Hosted on OpenAIR [online]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.48526/rgu-wt-2445693

Separating lower concentrations of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion (< 250 mg/l) and smaller oil droplet size (< 20 μm) has been an industry challenge using conventional methods, including adsorption, electrocoagulation, flocculation, bioremediation, cent... Read More about Metal oxide modified tubular ceramic membrane for the separation of oil-in-water emulsion..

Proposing an approach for the diffusion of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs): a case study. (2024)
Journal Article
AWUKU, S.A., BENNADJI, A., MUHAMMAD-SUKKI, F., PRABHU, R. and SELLAMI, N. 2024. Proposing an approach for the diffusion of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs): a case study. New energy exploitation and application [online], 3(1), pages 8-26. Available from: https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v3i1.196

Consistent probing into building integrity has led to the exploration of clean energy options such as building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV). BIPV has proven to be aesthetically pleasing, architecturally feasible and capable of making buildings ener... Read More about Proposing an approach for the diffusion of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs): a case study..

Development of drilling optimization models for autonomous rotary drilling systems. (2023)
Thesis
AMADI, K.W. 2023. Development of drilling optimization models for autonomous rotary drilling systems. Robert Gordon University, PhD thesis. Hosted on OpenAIR [online]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.48526/rgu-wt-2445718

The growing global energy demand and strict environmental policies motivate the use of technology and performance improvement techniques in drilling operations. Traditional drilling methods depend on the effectiveness of the human-driller in the mana... Read More about Development of drilling optimization models for autonomous rotary drilling systems..

Performance and energy modelling for a low energy acoustic network for the underwater Internet of Things. (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
STEWART, C., FOUGH, N., ERDOGAN, N. and PRABHU, R. 2023. Performance and energy modelling for a low energy acoustic network for the underwater Internet of Things. In Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) International workshop on Metrology for the sea (MetroSea 2023); learning to measure sea health parameters, 4-6 October 2023, Valletta, Malta. Piscataway: IEEE [online], pages 110-115. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroSea58055.2023.10317266

As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to find new applications, there is academic and industrial interest in expanding these concepts to the oceanic environment where data is traditionally challenging to communicate wirelessly, establishing an Un... Read More about Performance and energy modelling for a low energy acoustic network for the underwater Internet of Things..

Vision based relative position estimation in surgical robotics. (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
MUTHUKRISHNAN, R., KANNAN, S., PRABHU, R., ZHAO, Y., BHOWMICK, P. and HASAN, M.J. 2023. Vision based relative position estimation in surgical robotics. In Proceedings of the 2023 Network, multimedia and information technology international conference (NMITCON 2023), 1-2 September 2023, Bengaluru, India. Piscataway: IEEE [online], article number 10275973. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/NMITCON58196.2023.10275973

Teleoperation-based Robotic-Assisted Minimally In-vasive Surgery (RAMIS) has gained immense popularity in medical field. However, limited physical interaction between the surgeon and patient poses a significant challenge. In RAMIS, the surgeon operat... Read More about Vision based relative position estimation in surgical robotics..

Fuzzy logic, edge enabled underwater video surveillance through partially wireless optical communication. (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
STEWART, C., FOUGH, N. and PRABHU, R. 2023. Fuzzy logic, edge enabled underwater video surveillance through partially wireless optical communication. In Bouma, H., Dijk, J., Prabhu, R., Stokes, R.J. and Yitzhaky, Y. (eds.) Artificial intelligence for security and defence applications: proceedings of the 2023 SPIE joint Remote sensing and Security + defence conference (SPIE Sensor + Imaging 2023), 3-7 September 2023, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Proceedings of SPIE, 12742. Bellingham, WA: SPIE [online], paper 127420A. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2685278

Underwater surveillance is inherently tricky to achieve. Even in the clearest waters, the visibility tends to be in the range of tens of meters. Normally, tethered Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) with underwater cameras are used for underwater imag... Read More about Fuzzy logic, edge enabled underwater video surveillance through partially wireless optical communication..

Decision-support for decommissioning offshore platforms. (2023)
Thesis
EKE, E.C. 2023. Decision-support for decommissioning offshore platforms. Robert Gordon University, PhD thesis. Hosted on OpenAIR [online]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.48526/rgu-wt-2270718

An estimated 2,500 offshore decommissioning projects are expected to be completed between 2018 and 2040 with significant accompanying challenges. In this research, a decision model for decommissioning offshore platforms is developed. The decommission... Read More about Decision-support for decommissioning offshore platforms..

Multimodal, software defined networking for subsea sensing and monitoring. (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
STEWART, C., FOUGH, N. and PRABHU, R. 2023. Multimodal, software defined networking for subsea sensing and monitoring. In Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society conference and exposition (OCEANS 2023): blue ocean planet earth, 5-8 June 2023, Limerick, Ireland. Piscataway: IEEE [online], document number 10244664. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSLimerick52467.2023.10244664

The prevalence of oceanic industry and ocean borne interests has given rise to the concept of the Underwater Internet of Things as a vector for automation and data analytics in an environment hostile to anthropomorphic activity. Through the Internet... Read More about Multimodal, software defined networking for subsea sensing and monitoring..