Exploring independent learning (IL) and its relationship to mindset, motivated strategies for learning and academic performance.

Forbes-McKay, Katrina E.; Bremner, Pauline A.M.; Johnston, Pamela; Air, Carol

Abstract

This study addresses gaps in the existing literature on students' understanding of Independent Learning (IL), whilst exploring the link between levels of IL, growth mindset, motivated strategies for learning and academic performance. Three hundred and eighty-six university students recruited via opportunistic sampling completed an online survey to measure: understanding and level of IL, Motivated Strategies for Learning (MSL) (Duncan and McKeachie, 2005) and growth mindset (Dweck, 2000). Interaction with the university Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) and academic grades were also measured. A correlational design was implemented, and a Spearman Rho was calculated to explore the relationship between level of IL, MSL and growth mindset. A between-subjects design using independent measures t-test was employed to determine the significance of any difference in level of IL and VLE engagement according to academic grade. Whilst most students considered themselves an independent learner and understood what IL was, the majority erroneously believed it meant learning alone or without help. Level of IL, however, was positively associated with motivational beliefs (self-efficacy and mindset), cognitive strategies (rehearsal, elaboration, organisation and critical thinking), and metacognitive strategies (time management and self-regulation). Further, those with grades A-C scored significantly higher than those with grades D and below on cognitive strategies (elaboration and organisation). Those attaining higher grades also interacted with the VLE significantly more frequently and regularly than those attaining lower grades. This study adds to the existing literature by highlighting the positive relationship between level of IL, MSL, mindset and academic achievement. It also addresses the under-explored potential for VLE engagement in predicting grades amongst on-campus courses. Given that cognitive strategies and VLE engagement differentiate the high and low achievers, interventions to develop such skills may enhance academic achievement.

Citation

FORBES-MCKAY, K.E., BREMNER, P.A.M., JOHNSTON, P. and AIR, C. [2024]. Exploring independent learning (IL) and its relationship to mindset, motivated strategies for learning and academic performance. Journal of applied research in higher education [online], EarlyCite. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-06-2023-0253

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Dec 26, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Dec 26, 2023
• Deposit Date: Jan 7, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 7, 2024
• Journal: Journal of applied research in higher education
• Print ISSN: 1758-1184
• Electronic ISSN: 2050-7003
• Publisher: Emerald
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-06-2023-0253
• Keywords: Independent learning; Higher education; Virtual learning environments; Student engagement; University students; Pedagogy
• Public URL: https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/2189199