Assessing IoT intrusion detection computational costs when using a convolutional neural network.

Nicho, Mathew; Cusack, Brian; McDermott, Christopher D.; Girija, Shini

Abstract

IoT systems face vulnerabilities due to their data processing requirements and resource constraints. With 13 billion connected devices globally, this research investigates the economic viability of AI-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs), specifically analyzing the automation costs of implementing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for classifying malicious sensor traffic. This study introduces an innovative framework that evaluates six distinct architectural components of CNN and LSTM: image input processing, convolutional layer operations, max pooling layer functionality, fully connected layer characteristics, softmax output activation, and class determination mechanisms. The framework employs six metrics: matrix size, feature vector number, input vector size, output vector size, and number of runs for dual data points. Experiments on the IoT-23 dataset showed our proposed CNN model outperformed LSTM, achieving 93% accuracy for binary classification and 96% for multi-class classification. The trained CNN demonstrated predictable resource utilization with increasing classification complexity, providing a framework for quantifying IoT IDS costs. The proposed framework provides a systematic methodology for evaluating machine learning classifiers in IoT environments, using quantitative metrics to assess implementation and operational costs, enabling data-driven selection of optimal security solutions based on specific deployment constraints.

Citation

NICHO, M., CUSACK, B., MCDERMOTT, C.D. and GIRIJA, S. 2025. Assessing IoT intrusion detection computational costs when using a convolutional neural network. Information security journal [online], Latest Articles. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/19393555.2025.2496327

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Apr 24, 2025
• Online Publication Date: Apr 24, 2025
• Deposit Date: May 12, 2025
• Publicly Available Date: May 12, 2025
• Journal: Information security journal
• Print ISSN: 1939-3555
• Electronic ISSN: 1939-3547
• Publisher: Taylor and Francis
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19393555.2025.2496327
• Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Convoluted neural network; Cost evaluation; Internet of things; Network security
• Public URL: https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/2835894