Foundational stigma: place‐based stigma in the age before advanced marginality.

Butler‐Warke, Alice

Abstract

This paper joins the debate on the formation of territorial stigma by uncovering the existence of a form of “foundational stigma” that preceded place-based stigma of the era of advanced marginality. I show that not only were the traces of stigma present prior to the era of advanced marginality but that these early traces facilitate later forms of stigma by providing the necessary foundations upon which adhesive and detrimental stigma was operationalized. Following a critical discourse analysis approach, this paper examines coverage in the British press of Toxteth, Liverpool between 1900 and 1981 as a paradigmatic case study to show that this primitive stigma existed in three key ways: relating to inter-community strife, to crime, and to substandard housing conditions. These traces of stigma laid the foundations for later forms of stigma based on the presence of the poor, violent, deviant other that would be operationalized by dominant voices during the era of advanced marginality.

Citation

BUTLER-WARKE, A. 2020. Foundational stigma: place-based stigma in the age before advanced marginality. British journal of sociology [online], 71(1), pages 140-152. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12719

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Nov 14, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Dec 15, 2019
• Publication Date: Jan 31, 2020
• Deposit Date: Jan 13, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: Dec 16, 2021
• Journal: British Journal of Sociology
• Print ISSN: 0007-1315
• Electronic ISSN: 1468-4446
• Publisher: Wiley
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 71
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 140-152
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12719
• Keywords: Liverpool; Marginality; Print media; Stigma; Territorial stigma; Toxteth
• Public URL: https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/823010