Increased strength is associated with lower trunk muscle activation during loaded back squats and dynamic body weight jumps.

Clark, David R.; Lambert, Michael I.; Grigson, Chris; Hunter, Angus M.

doi:10.1002/tsm2.97

The relationships between external and internal training loads in mixed martial arts. (2023)
Journal Article
KIRK, C., LANGAN-EVANS, C., CLARK, D.R. and MORTON, J.P. 2024. The relationships between external and internal training loads in mixed martial arts. International journal of sports physiology and performance [online], 19(2), pages 173-184. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2023-0037

As a multidisciplined combat sport, relationships between external and internal training loads and intensities of mixed martial arts (MMA) have not been described. The aim of this study was to determine the external loads and intensities of MMA train... Read More about The relationships between external and internal training loads in mixed martial arts..

The collagen synthesis response to an acute bout of resistance exercise is greater when ingesting 30 g versus 15 g and 0 g hydrolyzed collagen in resistance-trained young men. (2023)
Journal Article
LEE, J., TANG, J.C.Y., DUTTON, J., DUNN, R., FRASER, W.D., ENRIGHT, K., CLARK, D.R., STEWART, C.E. and ERSKINE, R.M. [2023]. The collagen synthesis response to an acute bout of resistance exercise is greater when ingesting 30 g versus 15 g and 0 g hydrolyzed collagen in resistance-trained young men. Journal of nutrition [online], In Press. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.030

Resistance exercise (RE) stimulates collagen synthesis in skeletal muscle and tendon but there is limited and equivocal evidence regarding an effect of collagen supplementation and exercise on collagen synthesis. Furthermore, it is not known if a dos... Read More about The collagen synthesis response to an acute bout of resistance exercise is greater when ingesting 30 g versus 15 g and 0 g hydrolyzed collagen in resistance-trained young men..

Physical testing and strength and conditioning practices differ between coaches working in academy and first team soccer. (2023)
Journal Article
MCQUILLIAM, S.J., CLARK, D.R. ERSKINE, R.M. and BROWNLEE, T.E. 2023. Physical testing and strength and conditioning practices differ between coaches working in academy and first team soccer. International journal of sports science and coaching [online], 18(4), pages 1045-1055. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231155108

Scientific guidelines exist regarding strength and conditioning (S&C) best practice, for both first team and academy level soccer. However, it is not known if these research-informed guidelines are followed in such applied settings. The aim of this s... Read More about Physical testing and strength and conditioning practices differ between coaches working in academy and first team soccer..

The use of physical characteristics to explain variation in ball-carrying capability in elite rugby union: a narrative review. (2023)
Journal Article
HART, A., ERSKINE, R. and CLARK, D. 2023. The use of physical characteristics to explain variation in ball-carrying capability in elite rugby union: a narrative review. Journal of strength and conditioning research [online], 37(8), pages 1718-1727. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004468

The effectiveness of offensive ball carrying has been identified as a key determinant in elite rugby union try-scoring success and subsequent match outcome. Despite this, there is limited research evaluating the physical qualities believed to underpi... Read More about The use of physical characteristics to explain variation in ball-carrying capability in elite rugby union: a narrative review..

Collagen supplementation augments changes in patellar tendon properties in female soccer players. (2023)
Journal Article
LEE, J., BRIDGE, J.E., CLARK, D.R., STEWART, C.E. and ERSKINE, R.M. 2023. Collagen supplementation augments changes in patellar tendon properties in female soccer players. Frontiers in physiology [online], 14, article number 1089971. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1089971

We investigated the effect of collagen hydrolysate supplementation on changes in patellar tendon (PT) properties after 10 weeks' training in female soccer players from a Football Association Women's Super League Under 21s squad. We pair-matched n = 1... Read More about Collagen supplementation augments changes in patellar tendon properties in female soccer players..

Collagen supplementation augments changes in patellar tendon properties in female soccer players. [Dataset] (2023)
Dataset
LEE, J., BRIDGE, J.E., CLARK, D.R., STEWART, C.E. and ERSKINE, R.M. 2023. Collagen supplementation augments changes in patellar tendon properties in female soccer players. [Dataset]. Frontiers in physiology [online], 14, article number 1089971. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1089971/full#supplementary-material

Soft tissue injury (including collagenous tissues, such as skeletal muscle, tendon and ligament) is the most common injury type in women's soccer, and is two-to-five times more common in female than in male soccer players. Indeed, female players suff... Read More about Collagen supplementation augments changes in patellar tendon properties in female soccer players. [Dataset].

Effect of high-intensity vs. moderate-intensity resistance training on strength, power, and muscle soreness in male academy soccer players. (2023)
Journal Article
MCQUILLIAM, S.J., CLARK, D.R., ERSKINE, R.M. and BROWNLEE, T.E. 2023. Effect of high-intensity vs. moderate-intensity resistance training on strength, power, and muscle soreness in male academy soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research [online], 37(6), pages 1250-1258. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004387

The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of high-intensity, low-volume (HRT) vs. moderate-intensity, high-volume resistance training (MRT) vs. soccer training only (CON) on changes in strength, power, and speed, and to compare delayed on... Read More about Effect of high-intensity vs. moderate-intensity resistance training on strength, power, and muscle soreness in male academy soccer players..

Global differences in current strength and conditioning practice within soccer. (2022)
Journal Article
MCQUILLIAM, S.J., CLARK, D.R., ERSKINE, R.M. and BROWNLEE, T.E. 2022. Global differences in current strength and conditioning practice within soccer. International journal of sports science and coaching [online], Online First. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541221136048

Differences exist between top-tier soccer leagues (e.g. anthropometry and match demands), which may influence strength and conditioning (S&C) practice. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether current S&C practice in men's and women's (... Read More about Global differences in current strength and conditioning practice within soccer..

An investigation of movement dynamics and muscle activity during traditional and accentuated-eccentric squatting. (2022)
Journal Article
ARMSTRONG, R., BALTZOPOULOS, V., LANGAN-EVANS, C., CLARK, D., JARVIS, J., STEWART, C. and O'BRIEN, T. 2022. An investigation of movement dynamics and muscle activity during traditional and accentuated-eccentric squatting. PLoS ONE [online], 17(11), article number e0276096. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276096

Accentuated-eccentric loading (AEL) takes advantage of the high force producing potential of eccentric muscle contractions, potentially maximising mechanical tension within the muscle. However, evidence is lacking on how AEL squatting may load the in... Read More about An investigation of movement dynamics and muscle activity during traditional and accentuated-eccentric squatting..

Physical characteristics explain ball-carrying capability in sub-elite rugby union players. (2022)
Journal Article
HART, A.S., ERSKINE, R.M., MCLAUGHLIN, T.J. and CLARK, D.R. 2023. Physical characteristics explain ball-carrying capability in sub-elite rugby union players. Journal of science in sport and exercise [online], 5(3), pages 244-253. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-022-00178-w

The aims of the present study were two-fold: (i) to investigate the relationship between physical characteristics and the game statistics associated with ball-carrying capability amongst sub-elite rugby union players; and (ii) to predict the level of... Read More about Physical characteristics explain ball-carrying capability in sub-elite rugby union players..

Mind the gap! A survey comparing current strength training methods used in men's versus women's first team and academy soccer. (2022)
Journal Article
MCQUILLIAM, S.J., CLARK, D.R., ERSKINE, R.M. and BROWNLEE, T.E. 2022. Mind the gap! A survey comparing current strength training methods used in men's versus women's first team and academy soccer. Science and medicine in football [online], 6(5): towards a better understanding of health and performance is sponsored and supported by Adidas and Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), pages 597-604. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2022.2070267

Much less is known about strength and conditioning (S&C) practice in women's versus men's soccer. The aim of this study was to compare S&C practice between coaches working in men's or women's soccer, at first team or academy level, worldwide. A total... Read More about Mind the gap! A survey comparing current strength training methods used in men's versus women's first team and academy soccer..

Here’s why you don’t need to feel sore after a workout to know it’s worked. [Blog post] (2022)
Digital Artefact
CLARK, D.R., LANGAN-EVANS, C. and ERSKINE, R. 2022. Here’s why you don’t need to feel sore after a workout to know it’s worked. [Blog post]. Posted on The Conservation UK [online], 01 April 2022. Available from: https://theconversation.com/heres-why-you-dont-need-to-feel-sore-after-a-workout-to-know-its-worked-179995

"No pain, no gain" is a commonly used expression when it comes to getting in shape. It may also be why many of us think that you need to feel sore after a workout to know that you've done enough. There are many reasons why your muscles might get sore... Read More about Here’s why you don’t need to feel sore after a workout to know it’s worked. [Blog post].

Determining concentric and eccentric force–velocity profiles during squatting. (2022)
Journal Article
ARMSTRONG, R., BALTZOPOULOS, V., LANGAN-EVANS, C., CLARK, D., JARVIS, J., STEWART, C. and O'BRIEN, T.D. 2022. Determining concentric and eccentric force–velocity profiles during squatting. European journal of applied physiology [online], 122(3), pages 769-779. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04875-2

The force–velocity relationship of muscular contraction has been extensively studied. However, previous research has focussed either on isolated muscle or single-joint movements, whereas human movement consists of multi-joint movements (e.g. squattin... Read More about Determining concentric and eccentric force–velocity profiles during squatting..

Quantification of training load distribution in mixed martial arts athletes: a lack of periodisation and load management. (2021)
Journal Article
KIRK, C., LANGAN-EVANS, C., CLARK, D.R. and MORTON, J.P. 2021. Quantification of training load distribution in mixed martial arts athletes: a lack of periodisation and load management. PLoS One [online], 16(5), article e0251266. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251266

The aim of this study was to quantify typical training load and periodisation practices of MMA athletes. MMA competitors (n = 14; age = 22.4 ± 4.4 years; body mass = 71.3 ± 7.7 kg; stature = 171 ± 9.9 cm) were observed during training for 8 consecuti... Read More about Quantification of training load distribution in mixed martial arts athletes: a lack of periodisation and load management..

Supersets save time in the gym: which may help you reach fitness goals faster. [Blog post] (2020)
Digital Artefact
CLARK, D.R., LANGAN-EVANS, C. and ERSKINE, R. 2020. Supersets save time in the gym: which may help you reach fitness goals faster. [Blog post]. Posted on The Conservation UK [online], 27 November 2020. Available from: https://theconversation.com/supersets-save-time-in-the-gym-which-may-help-you-reach-fitness-goals-faster-150344

Resistance training is an increasingly popular way to build strength, lose weight and get in shape. But despite its many benefits, it can also be time consuming – which is why many fitness enthusiasts have started incorporating "supersets" into gym r... Read More about Supersets save time in the gym: which may help you reach fitness goals faster. [Blog post].

Impact of resistance training status on trunk muscle activation in a fatiguing set of heavy back squats. (2020)
Journal Article
CLARK, D.R., LAMBERT, M.I., GRIGSON, C. and HUNTER, A.M. 2020. Impact of resistance training status on trunk muscle activation in a fatiguing set of heavy back squats. European journal of applied physiology [online], 121(2), pages 597-608. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04540-0

In this study we measured neural activation (EMG) in four trunk stabilizer muscles and vastus lateralis (VL) in trained and novice participants during a set of squat repetitions to volitional fatigue at 85% 1RM. Forty males were recruited into two gr... Read More about Impact of resistance training status on trunk muscle activation in a fatiguing set of heavy back squats..

Resistance training: here's why it's so effective for weight loss. [Blog post] (2020)
Digital Artefact
CLARK, D.R., LANGAN-EVANS, C. and ERSKINE, R. 2020. Resistance training; here's why it's so effective for weight loss. [Blog post]. Posted on The Conservation UK [online], 29 September 2020. Available from: https://theconversation.com/resistance-training-heres-why-its-so-effective-for-weight-loss-146453

Weight lifting, also known as resistance training, has been practised for centuries as a way of building muscular strength. Research shows that resistance training, whether done via body weight, resistance bands or machines, dumbbells or free weights... Read More about Resistance training: here's why it's so effective for weight loss. [Blog post].

The physical demands of mixed martial arts: a narrative review using the ARMSS model to provide a hierarchy of evidence. (2020)
Journal Article
KIRK, C., CLARK, D.R., LANGAN-EVANS, C. and MORTON, J.P. 2020. The physical demands of mixed martial arts: a narrative review using the ARMSS model to provide a hierarchy of evidence. Journal of sports science [online], 38(24), pages 2819-2841. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1802093

The physical demands of mixed martial arts (MMA) training and competition is not yet well quantified. The Applied Research Model for the Sport Sciences (ARMSS) provides a framework through which to conduct sport science, determining pertinent questio... Read More about The physical demands of mixed martial arts: a narrative review using the ARMSS model to provide a hierarchy of evidence..

Free-weight resistance training in youth athletes: a narrative review. (2020)
Journal Article
MCQUILLIAM, S.J., CLARK, D.R., ERSKINE, R.M. and BROWNLEE, T.E. 2020. Free-weight resistance training in youth athletes: a narrative review. Sports medicine [online], 50(9), pages 1567-1580. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01307-7

Generating high levels of muscular strength and power are important for success in sport and may have long-term implications for sporting careers in youth athletes. Importantly, maturation may confound the neuromuscular adaptations to resistance trai... Read More about Free-weight resistance training in youth athletes: a narrative review..

Increased strength is associated with lower trunk muscle activation during loaded back squats and dynamic body weight jumps. (2019)
Journal Article
CLARK, D.R., LAMBERT, M.I., GRIGSON, C. and HUNTER, A.M. 2019. Increased strength is associated with lower trunk muscle activation during loaded back squats and dynamic body weight jumps. Translational sports medicine [online], 3(2), pages 107-118. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.97

This study measured how back squat strength (1RM) affected trunk muscle activation in performing squats, squat jump (SJ), and countermovement jump (CMJ). Fifty males, completed two test sessions. Squat 1RM was tested first. Participants were assigned... Read More about Increased strength is associated with lower trunk muscle activation during loaded back squats and dynamic body weight jumps..

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