Dr Bruce Petrie's Outputs (42)

Enantiomeric fraction evaluation for assessing septic tanks as a pathway for chiral pharmaceuticals entering rivers. (2025)
Journal Article
WILSCHNACK, K., CARTMELL, E., SUNDSTRÖM, V.J., YATES, K., and PETRIE, B. [2025]. Enantiomeric fraction evaluation for assessing septic tanks as a pathway for chiral pharmaceuticals entering rivers. Environmental science: processes and impacts [online], Advance Article. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EM00715H

Septic tanks (STs) are an important pathway for chiral pharmaceuticals entering rivers. Therefore, the enantiospecific compositions of 25 chiral human pharmaceuticals and metabolites were investigated in five community STs over 12 months in Scotland.... Read More about Enantiomeric fraction evaluation for assessing septic tanks as a pathway for chiral pharmaceuticals entering rivers..

Development of a straightforward direct injection UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of plastic additive chemicals in roadside retention ponds. (2024)
Journal Article
MCKENZIE, K., PLLU, A., CAMPBELL, I., LAWTON, L.A. and PETRIE, B. 2025. Development of a straightforward direct injection UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of plastic additive chemicals in roadside retention ponds. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry [online], 417(3), pages 389-403. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05657-3

There is growing interest in road pollution that enters surface waters. Additive chemicals used in the manufacture of plastics, including tyre rubber, are mobile pollutants that pose a threat to aquatic life. Therefore, an ultra-high performance liqu... Read More about Development of a straightforward direct injection UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of plastic additive chemicals in roadside retention ponds..

Septic tanks as a pathway for emerging contaminants to the aquatic environment: need for alternative rural wastewater treatment? (2024)
Journal Article
WILSCHNACK, M., CARTMELL, E., YATES, K. and PETRIE, B. 2024. Septic tanks as a pathway for emerging contaminants to the aquatic environment: need for alternative rural wastewater treatment? Environmental pollution [online], 362, article number 124988. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124988

Septic tanks (STs) as a decentralised approach to community wastewater treatment were investigated as a pathway for emerging contaminants (ECs) entering the aquatic environment. A broad range of ECs were examined in five community STs (population equ... Read More about Septic tanks as a pathway for emerging contaminants to the aquatic environment: need for alternative rural wastewater treatment?.

Targeted multi-analyte UHPLC-MS/MS methodology for emerging contaminants in septic tank wastewater, sludge and receiving surface water. (2024)
Journal Article
WILSCHNACK, M., HOMER, B., CARTMELL, E., YATES, K. and PETRIE, B. 2024. Targeted multi-analyte UHPLC-MS/MS methodology for emerging contaminants in septic tank wastewater, sludge and receiving surface water. Analytical methods [online], 16(5), pages 709-720. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AY01201H

Septic tanks treat wastewater of individual houses and small communities (up to 2000 people in Scotland) in rural and semi-urban areas and are understudied sources of surface water contamination. A multi-analyte methodology with solid phase extractio... Read More about Targeted multi-analyte UHPLC-MS/MS methodology for emerging contaminants in septic tank wastewater, sludge and receiving surface water..

Influence of solids and hydraulic retention times on microbial diversity and removal of estrogens and nonylphenols in a pilot-scale activated sludge plant. (2023)
Journal Article
MENSAH, L., PETRIE, B., SCRIMSHAW, M., CARTMELL, E., FLETTON, M. and CAMPO, P. 2023. Influence of solids and hydraulic retention times on microbial diversity and removal of estrogens and nonylphenols in a pilot-scale activated sludge plant. Heliyon [online], 9(9), article e19461. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19461

The removal of EDCs in activated sludge processes can be enhanced by increasing solid and hydraulic retention times (SRT and HRT); it has been suggested that the improvement in removal is due to changes in microbial community structure (MCS). Though... Read More about Influence of solids and hydraulic retention times on microbial diversity and removal of estrogens and nonylphenols in a pilot-scale activated sludge plant..

Chiral pharmaceutical drug adsorption to natural and synthetic particulates in water and their desorption in simulated gastric fluid. (2023)
Journal Article
PETRIE, B., MOURA, D.S., LAWTON, L.A. and SANGANYADO, E. 2023. Chiral pharmaceutical drug adsorption to natural and synthetic particulates in water and their desorption in simulated gastric fluid. Journal of hazardous materials advances [online], 9, article 100241. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100241

Natural and synthetic particulates in aquatic environments can act as a vector for chiral pharmaceutical drugs. Understanding enantiomer enrichment in the particulate phase of water matrices is essential considering the enantiospecific effects that c... Read More about Chiral pharmaceutical drug adsorption to natural and synthetic particulates in water and their desorption in simulated gastric fluid..

Occurrence and fate of chiral and achiral drugs in estuarine water: a case study of the Clyde estuary, Scotland. (2022)
Journal Article
PETRIE, B. and MOFFAT, C.F. 2022. Occurrence and fate of chiral and achiral drugs in estuarine water: a case study of the Clyde estuary, Scotland. Environmental science process and impacts [online], 24(4), pages 547-556. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EM00500F

There is currently a lack of enantiospecific studies on chiral drugs in estuarine environments. In this study, the occurrence and fate of 20 prescription and illicit drugs, metabolites and associated contaminants were investigated in the Clyde Estuar... Read More about Occurrence and fate of chiral and achiral drugs in estuarine water: a case study of the Clyde estuary, Scotland..

Occurrence and fate of chiral and achiral drugs in estuarine water: a case study of the Clyde estuary, Scotland. [Dataset] (2022)
Data
PETRIE, B. and MOFFAT, C.F. 2022. Occurrence and fate of chiral and achiral drugs in estuarine water: a case study of the Clyde estuary, Scotland. [Dataset]. Environmental science process and impacts [online], 24(4), pages 547-556. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EM00500F

The Supplementary Information contains details on the methods used in the microcosm study and the corresponding results and discussion. Five tables are also included which detail the instrumental precision and accuracy, method performance data, drug... Read More about Occurrence and fate of chiral and achiral drugs in estuarine water: a case study of the Clyde estuary, Scotland. [Dataset].

Enhanced desorption of fluoxetine from polyethylene terephthalate microplastics in gastric fluid and sea water. (2022)
Journal Article
WAGSTAFF, A. and PETRIE, B. 2022. Enhanced desorption of fluoxetine from polyethylene terephthalate microplastics in gastric fluid and sea water. Environmental chemistry letters [online], 20(2), pages 975-982. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01405-0

There are concerns that microplastics act as a vector of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Most studies have focussed on pharmaceutical adsorption and have not investigated desorption in the various matrices that microplastics enter. Theref... Read More about Enhanced desorption of fluoxetine from polyethylene terephthalate microplastics in gastric fluid and sea water..

Adsorption of a diverse range of pharmaceuticals to polyethylene microplastics in wastewater and their desorption in environmental matrices. (2021)
Journal Article
MCDOUGALL, L., THOMSON, L., BRAND, S., WAGSTAFF, A., LAWTON, L.A. and PETRIE, B. 2021. Adsorption of a diverse range of pharmaceuticals to polyethylene microplastics in wastewater and their desorption in environmental matrices. Science of the total environment [online], 808, article 152071. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152071

It is proposed that microplastics discharged from wastewater treatment plants act as a vector of pharmaceuticals. In this study, adsorption of pharmaceuticals to polyethylene microplastics was investigated in municipal wastewater. Pharmaceuticals for... Read More about Adsorption of a diverse range of pharmaceuticals to polyethylene microplastics in wastewater and their desorption in environmental matrices..

Environmentally friendly analytical method to assess enantioselective behaviour of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in river waters. (2021)
Journal Article
PETRIE, B. and CAMACHO-MUÑOZ, D. 2021. Environmentally friendly analytical method to assess enantioselective behaviour of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in river waters. Sustainable chemistry and pharmacy [online], 24, article 100558. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2021.100558

Reported herein is the first enantioselective method for simultaneous separation of chiral pharmaceuticals and pesticides using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Separation was achieved using a ChiralPak IG-U® col... Read More about Environmentally friendly analytical method to assess enantioselective behaviour of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in river waters..

Polyamide microplastics in wastewater as vectors of cationic pharmaceutical drugs. [Dataset] (2021)
Data
WAGSTAFF, A., LAWTON, L.A. and PETRIE, B. 2022. Polyamide microplastics in wastewater as vectors of cationic pharmaceutical drugs. [Dataset]. Chemosphere [online], 288(Part 2), article 132578. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653521030502?via%3Dihub#appsec1

Wastewater is an environmental source of microplastics and pharmaceuticals, which is discharged as treated effluent or combined sewer overflows. In this study, adsorption of cationic pharmaceuticals, with a range of octanol-water distribution coeffic... Read More about Polyamide microplastics in wastewater as vectors of cationic pharmaceutical drugs. [Dataset].

Polyamide microplastics in wastewater as vectors of cationic pharmaceutical drugs. (2021)
Journal Article
WAGSTAFF, A., LAWTON, L.A. and PETRIE, B. 2022. Polyamide microplastics in wastewater as vectors of cationic pharmaceutical drugs. Chemosphere [online], 288(Part 2), article 132578. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132578

Reported here is the first study to investigate the adsorption of pharmaceutical drugs to microplastics in wastewater. Wastewater is an environmental source of microplastics and pharmaceuticals, which is discharged as treated effluent or combined sew... Read More about Polyamide microplastics in wastewater as vectors of cationic pharmaceutical drugs..

A review of combined sewer overflows as a source of wastewater-derived emerging contaminants in the environment and their management. (2021)
Journal Article
PETRIE, B. 2021. A review of combined sewer overflows as a source of wastewater-derived emerging contaminants in the environment and their management. Environmental science and pollution research [online], 28(25), pages 32095-32110. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14103-1

Emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and personal care products can be released to the environment in untreated wastewater/stormwater mixtures following storm events. The frequency and intensity of combined sewer overflows (CS... Read More about A review of combined sewer overflows as a source of wastewater-derived emerging contaminants in the environment and their management..

Micropollutant fluxes in urban environment: a catchment perspective. (2020)
Journal Article
PROCTOR, K., PETRIE, B., LOPARDO, L., MUÑOZ, D.C., RICE, J., BARDEN, R., ARNOT, T. and KASPRZYK-HORDERN, B. 2021. Micropollutant fluxes in urban environment: a catchment perspective. Journal of hazardous materials [online], 401, article ID 123745. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123745

This study provided a holistic understanding of the sources, fate and behaviour of 142 compounds of emerging concern (CECs) throughout a river catchment impacted by 5 major urban areas. Of the incoming 169.3 kg d−1 of CECs entering the WwTWs, 167.9 k... Read More about Micropollutant fluxes in urban environment: a catchment perspective..

Micropollutant fluxes in urban environment: a catchment perspective. [Dataset] (2020)
Data
PROCTOR, K., PETRIE, B., LOPARDO, L., MUÑOZ, D.C., RICE, J., BARDEN, R., ARNOT, T. and KASPRZYK-HORDERN, B. 2021. Micropollutant fluxes in urban environment: a catchment perspective. [Dataset]. Journal of hazardous materials [online], article ID 123745. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389420317349?via%3Dihub#sec0115

Anthropogenic substances, such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, plasticizers, UV filters, industrial chemicals etc., have been widely recognised to be entering the environment from a variety of sources. There are many studies that detail the presence... Read More about Micropollutant fluxes in urban environment: a catchment perspective. [Dataset].

Analysis, fate and toxicity of chiral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in wastewaters and the environment: a review. (2020)
Journal Article
PETRIE, B. and CAMACHO-MUÑOZ, D. 2021. Analysis, fate and toxicity of chiral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in wastewaters and the environment: a review. Environmental chemistry letters [online], 19(1), pages 43-75. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01065-y

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are found in the aquatic environment globally. Such drugs including naproxen, ibuprofen and ketoprofen are chiral molecules. Enantiomers of those drugs have identical physicochemical properties but can b... Read More about Analysis, fate and toxicity of chiral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in wastewaters and the environment: a review..

Multi-residue enantioselective analysis of chiral drugs in freshwater sediments. (2020)
Journal Article
EAGLESHAM, A., SCOTT, A. and PETRIE, B. 2020. Multi-residue enantioselective analysis of chiral drugs in freshwater sediments. Environmental chemistry letters [online], 18(6), pages 2119-2126. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01041-6

Pharmaceutical and illicit drugs are emerging contaminants found in the environment globally. Many are chiral and stereochemistry plays an important role on their environmental fate and effects. However, investigations at the enantiomeric level are l... Read More about Multi-residue enantioselective analysis of chiral drugs in freshwater sediments..

(Fluoro)quinolones and quinolone resistance genes in the aquatic environment: a river catchment perspective. (2020)
Journal Article
CASTRIGNANÒ, E., KANNAN, A.M., PROCTOR, K., PETRIE, B., HODGEN, S., FEIL, E.J., LEWIS, S.E., LOPARDO, L., CAMACHO-MUÑOZ, D., RICE, J., CARTWRIGHT, N., BARDEN, R. and KASPRZYK-HORDERN, B. 2020. (Fluoro)quinolones and quinolone resistance genes in the aquatic environment: a river catchment perspective. Water research [online], 182, article ID 116015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116015

This study provides an insight into the prevalence of (fluoro)quinolones (FQs) and their specific quinolone qnrS resistance gene in the Avon river catchment area receiving treated wastewater from 5 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), serving 1.5 mil... Read More about (Fluoro)quinolones and quinolone resistance genes in the aquatic environment: a river catchment perspective..

Multi-residue enantioselective determination of emerging drug contaminants in seawater by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (2020)
Journal Article
MCKENZIE, K., MOFFAT, C.F. and PETRIE, B. 2020. Multi-residue enantioselective determination of emerging drug contaminants in seawater by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical methods [online], 12(22), pages 2881-2892. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ay00801j

This study proposes a new multi-residue enantioselective method for the determination of emerging drug contaminants in sea water by solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To achieve satisfactory en... Read More about Multi-residue enantioselective determination of emerging drug contaminants in seawater by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry..